Studies on pharmaceutical powders and the state of subdivision. I. The application of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption isotherms to the determination of surface areas*,††This paper is based in part on a thesis submitted by Joseph V. Swintosky to the Graduate School of the University of Wisconsin in partial fulfullment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

1949 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.V. Swintosky ◽  
S. Riegelman ◽  
T. Higuchi ◽  
L.W. Busse
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Graduate School ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Pharmaceutical Powders ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Doctor Of Philosophy ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
The University

PERMEABILITY STUDIES: III. SURFACE AREA MEASUREMENTS OF CARBON BLACKS

1948 ◽  
Vol 26a (2) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Arnell ◽  
G. O. Henneberry
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Satisfactory Agreement ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Permeability Studies ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherms

The modified Kozeny equation has been found to be satisfactory for the measurement of the specific surfaces of carbon blacks having average particle diameters ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 μ to within ±10%. Comparative data were obtained from electron microscope counting and from low temperature nitrogen adsorption isotherms. The three methods examined gave results that were in satisfactory agreement, except when the carbon black was porous, and then the adsorption value was extremely large.

Characterisation of the Filter Elements of End-of-Life Biological and Chemical Protection Masks Used by the Army

2008 ◽  
Vol 587-588 ◽  
pp. 778-782
Author(s):  
Marta Cabral ◽  
João C. Bordado ◽  
António Correia Diogo ◽  
Fernanda Margarido
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Activated Carbon Cloth ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Dissolved Components

The main purpose of the present study is to assess the usefulness of filter cartridges from end-of-life biological and chemical protection masks, for other applications (with increased added value) instead of landfill deposition. Filters with different ages up to fifty years, were dismantled and divided in their components. Physico-chemical characterisation of each filter cartridge component was performed using different techniques such as: optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, pyrolysis, particle size distribution by laser diffraction, surface area determination from the nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77K, determination of open porosity by helium pycnometry, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis in the temperature range from -100°C to 200°C. It is shown that the loss of resilience of the rubber sealant is the main factor that controls the shelf life of filter cartridges. On the other hand, most of the charcoal in the activated carbon cloth remains active and can be useful for other less severe applications such as the removal of dissolved components from freshwater and/or marine systems.

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