Investigation of lignin distribution in the cell wall of certain woods

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving B. Sachs ◽  
Ira T. Clark ◽  
John C. Pew
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lignin Distribution

scholarly journals Chemical composition, anatomy, lignin distribution, and cell wall structure of Malaysian plant waste fibers

BioResources ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. S. Abdul Khalil ◽  
M. Siti Alwani ◽  
A. K. Mohd Omar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cell Wall Structure ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Lignin Distribution ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Palm Frond

The chemical composition, anatomical characteristics, lignin distribution, and cell wall structure of oil palm frond (OPF), coconut (COIR), pine-apple leaf (PALF), and banana stem (BS) fibers were analyzed. The chemical composition of fiber was analyzed according to TAPPI Methods. Light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe and determine the cell wall structure and lignin distribution of various agro-waste fibers. The results revealed differences in anatomical characteristics, lignin distributions, and cell wall structure of the different types of fibers investigated. Nevertheless, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs have confirmed that the well wall structure, in each case, could be described in terms of a classical cell wall structure, consisting of primary (P) and secondary (S 1 , S 2 , and S 3 ) layers.

Sugarcane cell wall structure and lignin distribution investigated by confocal and electron microscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 829-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso Sant'Anna ◽  
Lilian T. Costa ◽  
Yuri Abud ◽  
Lucas Biancatto ◽  
Flávio Costa Miguens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Structure ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Lignin Distribution ◽  
Confocal And Electron Microscopy

Ultrastructural Changes in the Cell Walls of Cambial Derivatives During Wood Formation in Indian ELM (Holoptelea Integrifolia)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karumanchi S. Rao ◽  
Yoon Soo Kim ◽  
Pramod Sivan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Lignin Distribution ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Xylem Elements ◽  
S2 Layer

Sequential changes occurring in cell walls during expansion, secondary wall (SW) deposition and lignification have been studied in the differentiating xylem elements of Holoptelea integrifolia using transmission electron microscopy. The PATAg staining revealed that loosening of the cell wall starts at the cell corner middle lamella (CCML) and spreads to radial and tangential walls in the zone of cell expansion (EZ). Lignification started at the CCML region between vessels and associated parenchyma during the final stages of S2 layer formation. The S2 layer in the vessel appeared as two sublayers,an inner one and outer one.The contact ray cells showed SW deposition soon after axial paratracheal parenchyma had completed it, whereas noncontact ray cells underwent SW deposition and lignification following apotracheal parenchyma cells. The paratracheal and apotracheal parenchyma cells differed noticeably in terms of proportion of SW layers and lignin distribution pattern. Fibres were found to be the last xylem elements to complete SW deposition and lignification with differential polymerization of cell wall polysaccharides. It appears that the SW deposition started much earlier in the middle region of the fibres while their tips were still undergoing elongation. In homogeneous lignin distribution was noticed in the CCML region of fibres.

Lignin distribution in mild compression wood of Pinus radiata

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd A Donaldson ◽  
Adya P Singh ◽  
Arata Yoshinaga ◽  
Keiji Takabe
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Interference Microscopy ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Lignin Distribution ◽  
Confocal Fluorescence

Lignin distribution in the tracheid cell wall of mild compression wood in Pinus radiata D. Don was examined by interference microscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and ultraviolet (UV) microscopy. Two anatomically different samples of mild compression wood were compared with a sample of normal wood using quantitative interference microscopy and microdensitometry combined with confocal fluorescence microscopy to estimate the quantitative or semiquantitative lignin distribution in the S2 and S2L regions of the secondary cell wall and of the cell corner middle lamella (CCML). One of these samples was briefly examined by UV microscopy for comparison. Quantitative interference microscopy provided information on lignin concentration in different regions of the cell wall with values of 26, 46, and 57%, respectively, for the S2, S2L, and CCML regions of sample 1 and 20, 29, and 46%, respectively, for the same regions of sample 2. Microdensitometry of confocal fluorescence images provided semiquantitative information on the relative lignin distribution based on lignin autofluorescence. Comparison between the two compression wood samples using autofluorescence gave results that were in partial agreement with interference microscopy with respect to the relative lignification levels in the S2, S2L, and CCML regions. Some improvement was achieved by using calibration values for hemicellulose rather than holocellulose for interference data in the S2L region. Results for UV microscopy performed on sample 1 indicated that the lignification of the CCML region was comparable with that of the S2L region in this sample but with some variation among cells. All three techniques indicated significant variation in lignification levels of the S2L and CCML regions among adjacent cells and a significant reduction in the lignification of the CCML region compared to normal wood.Key words: lignin distribution, interference microscopy; confocal fluorescence microscopy, UV microscopy, mild compression wood, Pinus radiata D. Don.

Anatomy, ultrastructure and lignin distribution in cell wall of Caragana Korshinskii

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Xu ◽  
X.C. Zhong ◽  
R.C. Sun ◽  
Q. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lignin Distribution ◽  
Caragana Korshinskii

scholarly journals Pinoresinol reductase 1 impacts lignin distribution during secondary cell wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Zhao ◽  
Yining Zeng ◽  
Yanbin Yin ◽  
Yunqiao Pu ◽  
Lisa A. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽  
Lignin Distribution ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽  
Pinoresinol Reductase

Intra-ring checking in Pinus radiata D. Don: the occurrence of cell wall fracture, cell collapse, and lignin distribution

Trees ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Putoczki ◽  
Hema Nair ◽  
Brian Butterfield ◽  
Sandra L. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Lignin Distribution ◽  
Cell Collapse

ABNORMAL LIGNIN DISTRIBUTION IN WOOD FROM SEVERELY DROUGHT STRESSED PINUS RADIATA TREES

IAWA Journal ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd A. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Lignin Distribution ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cell Wall Development

Radiata pine logs exhibiting concentric shelling were examined for abnormal wood anatomy and cell wall characteristics. The trees from which the logs originated were growing on coastal sand dunes with a shallow impermeable iron pan subsoil, and the abnormal wood properties are assumed to be the result of frequent water stress and possible associated nutritional stress. The wood showed numerous false growth rings alternating with bands of poorly lignified tracheids. Examination of lignin distribution by confocal fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed abnormal cell wall development associated with a poorly lignified middle lamella and outer secondary cell wall. Affected tracheids showed poor adhesion with development of intercellular checking, particularly on radial cell walls. Some tracheids showed concentric lamellation associated with areas of high and low lignification within the secondary wall. In many cases, the S3 layer was thicker and more heavily lignified than normal. Tracheids with the greatest reduction in lignification of the secondary wall showed evidence of collapse. The shelling behaviour of the wood was thus explained by poor or negligible adhesion between tracheids due to reduced lignification of middle lamellae. This investigation provides some insight into the effect of growth environment on lignification.

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