Ground temperatures in permafrost south of treeline, Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. N. Kanigan ◽  
C. R. Burn ◽  
S. V. Kokelj
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Mackenzie Delta ◽  
Ground Temperatures

Microclimatic Influences on Ground Temperatures and Permafrost Distribution, Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1421-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Mackenzie Delta ◽  
Ground Temperatures ◽  
Ground Heat Flux ◽  
The Mean ◽  
River Migration

Variations in ground thermal regime were studied over a small area in the east-central part of the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, about 50 km northwest of Inuvik. Vegetation shows a successional sequence related to river migration and there is a complex interaction between vegetation, topography, and microclimate.Measurements from five sites show that significant differences in thermal regime exist beneath various types of vegetation. There is a general decrease in mean annual ground temperatures with increasing vegetation. The mean annual air temperature in this area is −9 °to −10 °C, but microclimatic factors lead to mean surface temperatures of between 0 °C and −4.2 °C.In summer, variations in net radiation account for the differences in ground thermal regime at the three sites on the slip-off slope. At the other two sites a surface layer of moss and peat leads to small values in ground heat flux and is instrumental in maintaining lower temperatures there. Removal of 10 cm of organic material at one site led to an increase of 3 °C in the mean daily 10 cm temperature.In winter, on the slip-off slope, variations in snow accumulation lead to ground temperature variations greater than those due to vegetation per se. Spatial variation of about 20 °C in ground surface temperature was measured in March 1970; during July and August 1970 the maximum spatial variation observed was only 10 °C. Differences of up to 6 °C in 1 m temperatures were measured over a distance of only 12 m. Snow cover is a permafrost-controlling factor in this area; where accumulations are greatest a talik has formed due to the insulating effect of deep snow.

Geochemistry of oils and condensates from the Mackenzie Delta Basin, Northwest Territories

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
T G Powell ◽  
L R Snowdon
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Mackenzie Delta

Distribution of saline permafrost in the Northwest Territories, Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.G. Hivon ◽  
D.C. Sego
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Quaternary Geology ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Mackenzie Delta ◽  
Pore Water Salinity ◽  
Detrimental Impact

Saline permafrost has a detrimental impact on the performance of foundations. Increased pore-water salinity decreases the strength and increases the deformation susceptibility of permafrost and foundations installed in permafrost. A data base of the distribution of saline permafrost in the Northwest Territories shows high pore-water salinities beneath coastal communities and at locations along the upper Mackenzie Valley and within the Mackenzie Delta. Salinity of inland sites is usually low. High salinities are usually associated with ice-poor materials and are linked with previous marine submergence associated with glacial events. Key words : permafrost, saline distribution, measurements, Quaternary geology.

Use Wear on Bone and Antler Tools from the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve M. LeMoine
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Mackenzie Delta ◽  
Use Wear ◽  
Similar Materials ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

A series of experiments making and using bone and antler tools show that functional identifications of these tools can be made with confidence in some circumstances. Using principles from the field of tribology, the experiments demonstrate that different uses leave different microscopic traces on bone and antler. They also show that when the materials used are similar, the wear produced will be similar. In particular, wet materials, including snow, ice, wet hide, and wet antler all produce nearly identical microscopic patterns. Other groups of similar materials, such as bone, antler, and wood, or fish scales and hair, present the same problem. Although differences can be detected, these may not be preserved on archaeological tool specimens. Application of the experimental results to bone and antler tools from the Mackenzie Delta illustrates that functional identifications of tools can be made with confidence, despite the problem of similar microscopic patterns, when other lines of evidence (ethnographic and historical accounts, distribution of wear) are taken into account. When such information is lacking, functional identifications are more difficult and must be made with more caution.

A Diatom-Based Paleohydrological Model for the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray B. Hay ◽  
John P. Smol ◽  
Kathryn J. Pipke ◽  
Lance F. W. Lesack
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Mackenzie Delta
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