Antivirals against human polyomaviruses: Leaving no stone unturned

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongsong Wu ◽  
Fabrice E Graf ◽  
Hans H Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Human Polyomaviruses

Human polyomaviruses genomes in clinical specimens of colon cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Dolci ◽  
Lucia Signorini ◽  
Wafa Toumi ◽  
Giuseppe Basile ◽  
Sarah D'Alessandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Human Polyomaviruses

scholarly journals Detection and Sequence Analysis of Human Polyomaviruses DNA from Autoptic Samples of HIV-1 Positive and Negative Subjects

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pietropaolo ◽  
D. Fioriti ◽  
P. Simeone ◽  
M. Videtta ◽  
C. Di Taranto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Prostatic Urethra ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Positive Subject ◽  
Coding Control ◽  
Human Polyomaviruses

The distribution of DNA of BK and JC human polyomaviruses (BKV and JCV) was investigated in samples from autopsies of different organs in 2 groups of patients: Human Immunodeficiency Virus −1 (HIV) positive and negative. Samples from various organs were analysed by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the non-coding control and for the VP1 regions of both viruses. The results obtained showed that BKV DNA was present in both males and females with a higher prevalence in HIV-positive subject samples (spleen: 33%; kidney: 44%; brain: 22%, uterine cervix:100%; prostatic urethra: 50%). In prostatic urethra samples of HIV-positive subjects, the JCV DNA was revealed in a low percentage (33%), while it was not found at all in uterine cervix samples of both groups. The varying presence of BK and JC viral DNA in the different organs seems to reflect the different pathogenetic attitude of these viruses. JCV was mainly present in the brain (55%), confirming its typical neurotropism and its etiological role in neurological disorders found in immunodeficient patients. BKV, on the other hand, was mainly present in the kidney (44%) and in genital organs (uterine cervix: 100%; prostatic urethra: 50%) with the latter finding favouring the hypothesis of a possible sexual transmission of BKV. Furthermore, our results confirm the crucial role of the immune system in the persistence of human polyomaviruses in the host.

Human polyomaviruses and autoimmunity to components of chromatin

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (s2) ◽  
pp. 29-29
Author(s):  
U Moens ◽  
OP Rekvig
Keyword(s):  
Human Polyomaviruses

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Novel Rat Polyomavirus 2 in a Colony of X-SCID Rats by P-PIT assay

mSphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lora H. Rigatti ◽  
Tuna Toptan ◽  
Joseph T. Newsome ◽  
Patrick S. Moore ◽  
Yuan Chang
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Potential Model ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Disseminated Disease ◽  
Human Polyomaviruses

ABSTRACT Although P-PIT was developed to detect diseases associated with known human polyomaviruses, the identification of a new polyomavirus in rats suggests that it may have utility as a broad-based screen for new, as well as known polyomaviruses. Our findings suggest that RatPyV2 may be a commensal infection of laboratory rats that can lead to disseminated disease in T cell immune-deficient rats. Infection of the X-SCID rats with RatPyV2 and Pneumocystis carinii is a potential model for coinfection pathogenesis and treatment options during transplant preclinical studies. Polyomaviruses (PyVs) are known to infect a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates and are associated with a broad spectrum of diseases, including cancers, particularly in immune-suppressed hosts. A novel polyomavirus, designated rat polyomavirus 2 (RatPyV2), was identified from a breeding colony of rats having X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. Using a human panpolyomavirus immunohistochemistry test (P-PIT), RatPyV2 was initially detected in the parotid salivary gland of a colony member. Rolling circle amplification using DNA from harderian and parotid glands identified a novel 5.1-kb polyomavirus genome closely related to human Washington University (WU) and Karolinska Institute (KI) and vole polyomaviruses but notably divergent from Rattus norvegicus PyV1 (RnorPyV1; also designated RatPyV1). Further screening showed RatPyV2 inclusion body infection in the lung epithelium and variably in other respiratory, reproductive, and glandular tissues of 12/12 (100%) rats. IMPORTANCE Although P-PIT was developed to detect diseases associated with known human polyomaviruses, the identification of a new polyomavirus in rats suggests that it may have utility as a broad-based screen for new, as well as known polyomaviruses. Our findings suggest that RatPyV2 may be a commensal infection of laboratory rats that can lead to disseminated disease in T cell immune-deficient rats. Infection of the X-SCID rats with RatPyV2 and Pneumocystis carinii is a potential model for coinfection pathogenesis and treatment options during transplant preclinical studies.

First Detection of Human Papillomaviruses and Human Polyomaviruses in River Waters in Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iaconelli ◽  
S. Petricca ◽  
S. Della Libera ◽  
P. Di Bonito ◽  
G. La Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Human Polyomaviruses

scholarly journals Human Polyomaviruses in Children Undergoing Transplantation, USA, 2008–2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1676-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica A. Siebrasse ◽  
Irma Bauer ◽  
Lori R. Holtz ◽  
Binh-minh Le ◽  
Sherry Lassa-Claxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Polyomaviruses

scholarly journals Characterization of T Antigens, Including Middle T and Alternative T, Expressed by the Human Polyomavirus Associated with Trichodysplasia Spinulosa

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (18) ◽  
pp. 9427-9439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Els van der Meijden ◽  
Siamaque Kazem ◽  
Christina A. Dargel ◽  
Nick van Vuren ◽  
Paul J. Hensbergen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Pattern ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Human Polyomavirus ◽  
T Antigens ◽  
Viral Oncoprotein ◽  
Early Region ◽  
Alternative Mrna Splicing ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Human Polyomaviruses

ABSTRACTThe polyomavirus tumor (T) antigens play crucial roles in viral replication, transcription, and cellular transformation. They are encoded by partially overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) located in the early region through alternative mRNA splicing. The T expression pattern of the trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV) has not been established yet, hampering further study of its pathogenic mechanisms and taxonomic relationship. Here, we characterized TSPyV T antigen expression in human cell lines transfected with the TSPyV early region. Sequencing of T antigen-encoded reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) products revealed three splice donor and acceptor sites creating six mRNA splice products that potentially encode the antigens small T (ST), middle T (MT), large T (LT), tiny T, 21kT, and alternative T (ALTO). Except for 21kT, these splice products were also detected in skin of TSPyV-infected patients. At least three splice products were confirmed by Northern blotting, likely encoding LT, MT, ST, 21kT, and ALTO. Protein expression was demonstrated for LT, ALTO, and possibly MT, with LT detected in the nucleus and ALTO in the cytoplasm of transfected cells. Splice site and start codon mutations indicated that ALTO is encoded by the same splice product that encodes LT and uses internal start codons for initiation. The genuineness of ALTO was indicated by the identification of acetylated N-terminal ALTO peptides by mass spectrometry. Summarizing, TSPyV exhibits an expression pattern characterized by both MT and ALTO expression, combining features of rodent and human polyomaviruses. This unique expression pattern provides important leads for further study of polyomavirus-related disease and for an understanding of polyomavirus evolution.IMPORTANCEThe human trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV) is distinguished among polyomaviruses for combining productive infection with cell-transforming properties. In the research presented here, we further substantiate this unique position by indicating expression of both middle T antigen (MT) and alternative T antigen (ALTO) in TSPyV. So far, none of the human polyomaviruses was shown to express MT, which is considered the most important viral oncoprotein of rodent polyomaviruses. Coexpression of ALTO and MT, which involves a conserved, recently recognized overlapping ORF subject to positive selection, has not been observed before for any polyomavirus. As a result of our findings, this study provides valuable new insights into polyomavirus T gene use and expression. Obviously, these insights will be instrumental in further study and gaining an understanding of TSPyV pathogenicity. More importantly, however, they provide important leads with regard to the interrelationship, functionality, and evolution of polyomaviruses as a whole, indicating that TSPyV is a suitable model virus to study these entities further.

Multiplex detection of all currently known human polyomaviruses

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. S121
Author(s):  
R. Sadeghi ◽  
T. Ramqvist ◽  
Yilin Wang ◽  
M. Söderlund-Venermo ◽  
K. Hedman
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Detection ◽  
Human Polyomaviruses

scholarly journals Human polyomaviruses in disease and cancer

Virology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 437 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Dalianis ◽  
Hans H. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Human Polyomaviruses

Detection of human polyomaviruses JC and BK in liver pretransplant patients

Oral Diseases ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1127-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Figueiredo ◽  
MC Domingues Fink ◽  
T Castro ◽  
PH Braz-Silva ◽  
JC Steffens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Polyomaviruses
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