The Free Form Design (FFD) in steel structural architecture - aesthetic values and reliability

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Majowiecki
Keyword(s):  
Free Form ◽  
Form Design ◽  
Structural Architecture ◽  
Aesthetic Values

New Strategies and Developments in Transparent Free-Form Design: From Facetted to Nearly Smooth Envelopes

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niccolo' Baldassini ◽  
Helmut Pottmann ◽  
Jacques Raynaud ◽  
Alexander Schiftner
Keyword(s):  
Free Form ◽  
Form Design ◽  
New Strategies

scholarly journals 19F NMR reveals the conformational properties of free thrombin and its zymogen precursor prethrombin-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (24) ◽  
pp. 8227-8235
Author(s):  
Eliza A. Ruben ◽  
Prafull S. Gandhi ◽  
Zhiwei Chen ◽  
Sarah K. Koester ◽  
Gregory T. DeKoster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Conformational Selection ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Conformational Properties ◽  
Multiple Conformations ◽  
Rapid Kinetics ◽  
Structural Architecture ◽  
And Shifts

The conformational properties of trypsin-like proteases and their zymogen forms remain controversial because of a lack of sufficient information on their free forms. Specifically, it is unclear whether the free protease is zymogen-like and shifts to its mature form upon a ligand-induced fit or exists in multiple conformations in equilibrium from which the ligand selects the optimal fit via conformational selection. Here we report the results of 19F NMR measurements that reveal the conformational properties of a protease and its zymogen precursor in the free form. Using the trypsin-like, clotting protease thrombin as a relevant model system, we show that its conformation is quite different from that of its direct zymogen precursor prethrombin-2 and more similar to that of its fully active Na+-bound form. The results cast doubts on recent hypotheses that free thrombin is zymogen-like and transitions to protease-like forms upon ligand binding. Rather, they validate the scenario emerged from previous findings of X-ray crystallography and rapid kinetics supporting a pre-existing equilibrium between open (E) and closed (E*) forms of the active site. In this scenario, prethrombin-2 is more dynamic and exists predominantly in the E* form, whereas thrombin is more rigid and exists predominantly in the E form. Ligand binding to thrombin takes place exclusively in the E form without significant changes in the overall conformation. In summary, these results disclose the structural architecture of the free forms of thrombin and prethrombin-2, consistent with an E*–E equilibrium and providing no evidence that free thrombin is zymogen-like.

Free-form design

2010 ◽  
pp. 187-188
Author(s):  
N Baldassini ◽  
J Raynaud
Keyword(s):  
Free Form ◽  
Form Design

Investigation and Study of a Transparent and Translucent Facade System, with a Minimum Thickness, a Free Form Design, and a High Thermal Insulation Value to be used in to Architectural Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Alonso ◽  
Benito Lauret ◽  
Fernando Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Silica Aerogel ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vacuum Chamber ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Minimum Thickness ◽  
Form Design ◽  
Envelope Model ◽  
Architectural Development

ABSTRACTThis article examines, from the energy viewpoint, a new lightweight, slim, high energy efficient, light-transmitting envelope system, providing for seamless, free-form designs for use in architectural projects. The research was based on envelope components already existing on the market, especially components implemented with granular silica aerogel insulation, as this is the most effective translucent thermal insulation there is today. The tests run on these materials revealed that there is not one that has all the features required of the new envelope model, although some do have properties that could be exploited to generate this envelope, namely, the vacuum chamber of vacuum insulated panels (VIP), the monolithic aerogel used as insulation in some prototypes, and reinforced polyester barriers. By combining these three design components — the high-performance thermal insulation of the vacuum chamber combined with monolithic silica aerogel insulation, the free-form design potential provided by materials like reinforced polyester and epoxy resins—, we have been able to define and test a new, variable geometry, energy-saving envelope system.

scholarly journals Free-Form, High Energy Performance, Transparent Envelope

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 1486-1490
Author(s):  
Luis Alonso ◽  
Benito Lauret ◽  
Fernando Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vacuum Chamber ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Form Design ◽  
Envelope Model

This article examines, from the energy viewpoint, a new lightweight, slim, high energy efficient, light-transmitting envelope system, providing for seamless, free-form designs for use in architectural projects. The research was based on envelope components already existing on the market, especially components implemented with granular silica gel insulation, as this is the most effective translucent thermal insulation there is today. The tests run on these materials revealed that there is not one that has all the features required of the new envelope model, although some do have properties that could be exploited to generate this envelope, namely, the vacuum chamber of vacuum insulated panels (VIP), the monolithic aerogel used as insulation in some prototypes, reinforced polyester barriers. By combining these three design components — the high-performance thermal insulation of the vacuum chamber combined with monolithic silica gel insulation, the free-form design potential provided by materials like reinforced polyester and epoxy resins—, we have been able to define and test a new, variable geometry, energy-saving envelope system.

Case Study E Management of Complex Free Form Design and Engineering Processes

2009 ◽  
pp. 244-267
Author(s):  
Mick Eekhout ◽  
Barbara van Gelder
Keyword(s):  
Free Form ◽  
Form Design

A SYSTEM APPROACH TO SOLID FREE FORM DESIGN OF OPTIMAL STRUCTURES

2004 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 509-534
Author(s):  
RAMANA KUMAR KAZA ◽  
SWAMINATHAN SAIKUMAR ◽  
MICHAEL YU WANG
Keyword(s):  
System Approach ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Optimal Structures ◽  
Form Design
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