Artificial Force Induced Reaction Method for Systematic Determination of Complex Reaction Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 2349-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. C. Sameera ◽  
Akhilesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Satoshi Maeda ◽  
Keiji Morokuma
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Complex Reaction ◽  
Reaction Method ◽  
Systematic Determination ◽  
Induced Reaction

Toward a systematic determination of complex reaction mechanisms

1993 ◽  
Vol 97 (26) ◽  
pp. 6776-6787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Chevalier ◽  
Igor Schreiber ◽  
John Ross
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Complex Reaction ◽  
Systematic Determination

Determination of Complex Reaction Mechanisms

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ross ◽  
Igor Schreiber ◽  
Marcel O. Vlad
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Chemical System ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Complex Reaction ◽  
Oscillatory Reactions

In a chemical system with many chemical species several questions can be asked: what species react with other species: in what temporal order: and with what results? These questions have been asked for over one hundred years about simple and complex chemical systems, and the answers constitute the macroscopic reaction mechanism. In Determination of Complex Reaction Mechanisms authors John Ross, Igor Schreiber, and Marcel Vlad present several systematic approaches for obtaining information on the causal connectivity of chemical species, on correlations of chemical species, on the reaction pathway, and on the reaction mechanism. Basic pulse theory is demonstrated and tested in an experiment on glycolysis. In a second approach, measurements on time series of concentrations are used to construct correlation functions and a theory is developed which shows that from these functions information may be inferred on the reaction pathway, the reaction mechanism, and the centers of control in that mechanism. A third approach is based on application of genetic algorithm methods to the study of the evolutionary development of a reaction mechanism, to the attainment given goals in a mechanism, and to the determination of a reaction mechanism and rate coefficients by comparison with experiment. Responses of non-linear systems to pulses or other perturbations are analyzed, and mechanisms of oscillatory reactions are presented in detail. The concluding chapters give an introduction to bioinformatics and statistical methods for determining reaction mechanisms.

Induced Reaction Method for Determination of Fluoride Ion

1953 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Fluoride Ion ◽  
Reaction Method ◽  
Induced Reaction

scholarly journals Partial Reactions of the Na,K-ATPase: Determination of Activation Energies and an Approach to Mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 253 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-645
Author(s):  
Hans-Jürgen Apell ◽  
Milena Roudna
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Mechanistic Models ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Conformational Relaxation ◽  
Molecular Reaction ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Induced Reaction

Abstract Kinetic experiments were performed with preparations of kidney Na,K-ATPase in isolated membrane fragments or reconstituted in vesicles to obtain information of the activation energies under turnover conditions and for selected partial reactions of the Post-Albers pump cycle. The ion transport activities were detected with potential or conformation sensitive fluorescent dyes in steady-state or time-resolved experiments. The activation energies were derived from Arrhenius plots of measurements in the temperature range between 5 °C and 37 °C. The results were used to elaborate indications of the respective underlying rate-limiting reaction steps and allowed conclusions to be drawn about possible molecular reaction mechanisms. The observed consequent alteration between ligand-induced reaction and conformational relaxation steps when the Na,K-ATPase performs the pump cycle, together with constraints set by thermodynamic principles, provided restrictions which have to be met when mechanistic models are proposed. A model meeting such requirements is presented for discussion. Graphic Abstract

Tire Treadwear — A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Factors: Generic Type, Aspect Ratio, Tread Pattern, and Tread Composition Part I: Introduction and Details on the Organization of the Program

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Veith
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Systematic Determination ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This four-part series of papers addresses the problem of systematic determination of the influence of several tire factors on tire treadwear. Both the main effect of each factor and some of their interactive effects are included. The program was also structured to evaluate the influence of some external-to-tire conditions on the relationship of tire factors to treadwear. Part I describes the experimental design used to evaluate the effects on treadwear of generic tire type, aspect ratio, tread pattern (groove or void level), type of pattern (straight rib or block), and tread compound. Construction procedures and precautions used to obtain a valid and functional test method are included. Two guiding principles to be used in the data analyses of Parts II and III are discussed. These are the fractional groove and void concept, to characterize tread pattern geometry, and a demonstration of the equivalence of wear rate for identical compounds on whole tread or multi-section tread tires.

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