Public attitudes towards psychiatry and psychiatric treatment at the beginning of the 21st century: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population surveys

Introduction: The ability of Swedish snus to serve as a smoking cessation aid has been documented in several observational, population surveys from Scandinavia, but randomised clinical trials provide more reliable information on efficacy. Aims: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials of Swedish snus as an aid to smoking cessation. Methods: Literature searches were conducted in MedLine, Cochrane Library, and Embase to identify relevant clinical trials. The primary outcome was defined as biologically confirmed smoking cessation during around six months. Meta-analyses based on primary subject data tested for effect of allocated treatment as well as selected baseline characteristics. Results: There were two relevant clinical trials, one conducted at five sites in the US (n = 250), the other at two sites in Serbia (n = 319). Based on the primary outcome, success was higher in the treated group in both Serbia (5.7% vs 1.9%) and the US (4.0% vs 1.6%). Meta-analysis estimated the relative success rate at 2.83 (95% CI 1.03–7.75), which was of borderline significance (exact p = 0.06, chi-squared p = 0.03). For smoking cessation in the last 4 weeks of each study, rates were 12.4% for snus and 6.6% for placebo (RR 1.86, 95% CI 1.09-3.18). Efficacy of snus was not clearly related to any baseline characteristic. Conclusions: Swedish snus increased quit rates similarly in US and Serbia. These results confirm and extend previous information based on observational population surveys.

Download Full-text

Oocyte vitrification in the 21st century and post-warming fertility outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Reproductive BioMedicine Online ◽

10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.03.024 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 159-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Neelam Potdar ◽

Tarek A Gelbaya ◽

Luciano G Nardo

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

21St Century ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Oocyte Vitrification

Download Full-text

Psychiatric disorders among people with cancer in low- and lower-middle-income countries: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017043 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. e017043 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zoe J Walker ◽

Michael P Jones ◽

Arun V Ravindran

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽

Psychiatric Treatment ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Primary Data ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries

IntroductionCancer is a rapidly growing public health problem in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs). There is evidence from upper-income countries that comorbid mental illness is common and can adversely impact cancer outcomes. Little is known about this burden in LLMICs. This systematic review has two aims. The first is to review the prevalence and patterns of psychiatric comorbidity in adults with cancer in LLMICs. The second is to review psychiatric treatment outcomes in this population.Methods and analysisThe review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Embase and CINAHL) will be conducted. Studies will be included if they report the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity, or if they evaluate psychiatric treatment outcomes, in adults with cancer living in LLMICs. The search will be limited to studies published in peer-reviewed journals between March 2002 and March 2017. The reference lists of included studies will be hand searched. Critical appraisal will be performed using Quality Assessment Tools from the National Institute of Health. Pooled prevalence meta-analysis is planned.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required as no primary data will be collected. The results will be presented at conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42017057103.

Download Full-text

Global patterns of submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis of population surveys

The Lancet Microbe ◽

10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00055-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Charles Whittaker ◽

Hannah Slater ◽

Rebecca Nash ◽

Teun Bousema ◽

Chris Drakeley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Falciparum Malaria ◽

Malaria Infection ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽

Population Surveys ◽

Global Patterns

Download Full-text

Evolution of public attitudes about mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0447.2012.01826.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (6) ◽

pp. 440-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 418

Author(s):

G. Schomerus ◽

C. Schwahn ◽

A. Holzinger ◽

P. W. Corrigan ◽

H. J. Grabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Public Attitudes

Download Full-text

What do Patients Want? Correlates of Patient Satisfaction and Treatment Engagement

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.283 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S90-S90

Author(s):

R. Gearing ◽

A. Webb

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Patient Satisfaction ◽

Psychiatric Treatment ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Treatment Engagement ◽

Treatment Regimens ◽

Search Terms ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Research Assistants

IntroductionMotivation and ability to engage with treatment may deteriorate or falter if a patient is not satisfied with their protocols or provider. Improving patient satisfaction may more effectively strengthen treatment engagement.Objectives1) Determining what patients want from their provider relationship; and 2) identifying means for a provider to effectively assess and evaluate patient satisfaction in relation to treatment engagement.MethodsA systematic review of published meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and literature reviews between 1996 and 2016 was conducted across three databases (Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL). Using variations of the search terms patient; satisfaction; medication, medical and psychiatric treatment; and engagement/adherence, a total of 1667 articles were identified. After removing duplications, 1582 articles were independently screened for eligibility (e.g. conceptual focus, methodological limitations) by two research assistants, resulting in the final inclusion of 50 meta-analysis, systematic review, or literature review articles that focused on predictors or barriers to patient satisfaction and/or predictors or barriers affecting engagement/adherence.ResultsBarriers and predictors of patient satisfaction centered on two fundamental domains:– relationship with Provider (sub-factors: multicultural competence, shared decision making, communication skills, continuity of care, empathy) and;– outcomes (sub-factors: therapeutic outcome, patient expectations).Eight treatment engagement/adherence barrier and predictor domains were identified, specifically treatment regimens; illness beliefs, emotional/cognitive factors; financial and logistic; social support; symptom/illness characteristics; demographics and patient-provider relationship.ConclusionsKey findings highlight actions psychiatrists and other clinical providers may consider in addressing barriers and highlighting promoters to improve patient satisfaction and overall engagement and adherence.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Download Full-text