Fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, learn to recognize northern pike, Esox lucius, as predators on the basis of chemical stimuli from minnows in the pike's diet

1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Mathis ◽  
R.Jan F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Esox Lucius ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Pike Esox Lucius ◽  
Chemical Stimuli

scholarly journals Familiarity and shoal cohesion in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas): implications for antipredator behaviour

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P. Chivers ◽  
Grant E. Brown ◽  
R. Jan F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Antipredator Behaviour ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Fish Predator ◽  
Antipredator Response ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Chemical Stimuli ◽  
Model Fish

We exposed groups of four fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) that were familiar to each other and had been taken from naturally occurring shoals, and groups of four fish unfamiliar to each other, taken from four separate shoals, to either chemical stimuli from pike or a model fish predator (northern pike, Esox lucius). In response to both chemical stimuli from pike and the pike model, minnows from familiar groups showed greater shoal cohesion than those from unfamiliar groups. Tighter shoal cohesion should result in a higher probability of surviving an encounter with a predator. Fish in familiar shoals also exhibited more dashing, a known antipredator response, than those in unfamiliar groups. In addition, groups of familiar fish showed less freezing behaviour than unfamiliar groups. In response to the model fish predator, familiar shoals exhibited a greater number of predator inspections, and the number of inspectors per inspection visit was greater, than those in unfamiliar groups. These results suggest that preferential shoaling with familiar conspecifics leads to an increase in cooperative antipredator behaviour and may thereby lower a minnow's risk of predation.

Influence of Appearance of Prey and Satiation of Predator on Food Selection by Northern Pike (Esox lucius)

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Esox Lucius ◽  
Lepomis Cyanellus ◽  
Pike Esox Lucius ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Green Sunfish

Northern pike (Esox lucius) were put in tanks with fantail and regular-tail goldfish (Carassius auratus) or with goldfish of different colors. Physical appearance of prey did not affect the pike’s feeding. In experiments in plastic pools four species of fish were exposed to predation by northern pike that were satiated or deprived of food for either 2 or 4 weeks. The pike always selected carp (Cyprinus carpio) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) over green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) and bluegill (L. macrochirus).

Vulnerability of Some Fishes to Northern Pike (Esox lucius) Predation

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 957-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbur L. Mauck ◽  
Daniel W. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Esox Lucius ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Pike Esox Lucius ◽  
Golden Shiner

To compare vulnerability to predation by northern pike (Esox lucius Linnaeus), several species of fish in various combinations were held with pike in plastic swimming pools with and without cover and in small ponds. The most vulnerable species in order were gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), carp (Cyprinus carpio), bigmouth buffalo (Ictiobus cyprinellus), fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui). White sucker (Catostomus commersoni), green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) showed intermediate vulnerability. Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), northern pike, bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), and black bullhead (Ictalurus melas) were least vulnerable. In two experiments in which fish were put in cages in turbid water, relative vulnerability was the same as in clearer water. Pike could not be conditioned to eat golden shiner or bluegill. There was a tendency for certain sizes of pike to select the smaller carp, fathead minnow, and bluegill within the size ranges tested.

Effects of northern pike (Esox lucius) additions on pollutant accumulation and food web structure, as determined by δ13 C and δ15 N , in a eutrophic and an oligotrophic lake

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 2193-2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A Kidd ◽  
Michael J Paterson ◽  
Raymond H Hesslein ◽  
Derek CG Muir ◽  
Robert E Hecky
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Esox Lucius ◽  
Oligotrophic Lake ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Pike Esox Lucius ◽  
Web Structure

In May 1993 and 1994, northern pike (Esox lucius) were added to eutrophic Lake 227 and oligotrophic Lake 110 at the Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario. Both lakes were previously dominated by cyprinids, and northern pike additions significantly decreased cyprinid densities in both lakes. Food web relationships were determined pre- and post-manipulation using stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analyses of zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, and fishes. In Lake 110, fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) shifted from a zooplanktivorous to a zoobenthivorous diet as indicated by a shift in isotopic composition to more depleted δ15N and enriched δ13C values after northern pike additions. It was not possible to direct predator-induced shifts in cyprinid diets in Lake 227. Concentrations of mercury and organochlorines (sum of polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ΣDDT), and hexachlorocyclohexane (ΣHCH)) in these fish did not change markedly after northern pike introductions despite the shifts in diet for fathead minnow from Lake 110. However, concentrations of all contaminants were lower in biota from eutrophic Lake 227 when compared with Lake 110, which is consistent with previous studies. Our results indicate that nutrient availability, rather than short-term changes in food web structure, determined contaminant concentrations in fish and other biota from these lakes.

Catchments affect growth rate of Northern Pike, Esox lucius, in subarctic lakes

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Moslemi-Aqdam ◽  
George Low ◽  
Mike Low ◽  
Brian A. Branfireun ◽  
Heidi K. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Esox Lucius ◽  
Subarctic Lakes ◽  
Pike Esox Lucius

Temporal change estimation of mercury concentrations in northern pike (Esox lucius L.) in Swedish lakes

Chemosphere ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staffan Åkerblom ◽  
Mats Nilsson ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Bo Ranneby ◽  
Kjell Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Change ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Esox Lucius ◽  
Pike Esox Lucius

Effects of Liming on the Distribution of Cadmium in Water, Sediment, and Organisms in a Swedish Lake

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1154-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Andersson ◽  
Hans Borg
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Esox Lucius ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Fish Liver ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Pike Esox Lucius ◽  
Insect Larva ◽  
Before And After

We studied the cadmium concentrations in water, sediment, suspended particles, a free-swimming insect larva (Chaoborus), a sediment-bound insect larva (Chironomus), and liver of northern pike (Esox lucius) before and after liming operations in Lake Långsjön, Sweden. In accordance with the higher pH levels obtained in the lake water after the limings, cadmium concentration decreased in the water but increased in the sediment. Cadmium concentration in fish liver and Chironomus decreased after the limings whereas the concentration in Chaoborus larvae increased after the first liming. Possible mechanisms are discussed.

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