The Time-Course of Constructing Knowledge-Based Inferences for Scientific Texts

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K. Millis ◽  
A.C. Graesser
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Constructing Knowledge

Constructing Knowledge-Based Feedback in the Context of an Interactive Spoken CALL Application

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-70
Author(s):  
Nikos Tsourakis ◽  
Claudia Baur ◽  
Manny Rayner
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Secondary Classrooms ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Spoken Language Skills ◽  
Constructing Knowledge

Modern Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) systems use speech recognition to give students the opportunity to build up their spoken language skills through interactive practice with a mechanical partner. Besides the obvious benefits that these systems can offer, e.g. flexible and inexpensive learning, user interaction in this context can often be problematic. In this article, the authors introduce a parallel layer of feedback in a CALL application, which can monitor interaction, report errors and provide advice and suggestions to students. This mechanism combines knowledge accumulated from four different inputs in order to decide on appropriate feedback, which can be customized and adapted in terms of phrasing, style and language. The authors report the results from experiments conducted at six lower secondary classrooms in German-speaking Switzerland with and without this mechanism. After analyzing approximately 13,000 spoken interactions it can be reasonably argued that their parallel feedback mechanism in L2 actually does help students during interaction and contributes as a motivation factor.

The tinkering m-patient: Co-constructing knowledge on how to live with type 1 diabetes through Facebook searching and sharing and offline tinkering with self-care

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasja Kingod
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Online Searching ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Constructing Knowledge

Danish adults with type 1 diabetes value peer-to-peer interaction through the social media platform Facebook as a way to quickly exchange knowledge on essential everyday self-care for chronic illness. In this praxiographic study, following informants into online and offline social dimensions, I explore how they use Facebook to exchange self-care knowledge based on practical experiments and negotiations between bodies, technologies and daily lives. When in doubt about how to self-care on a daily basis, Danish adults with type 1 diabetes look to Facebook for inspiration and peer support. A synergistic process of online searching and sharing and offline tinkering with self-care generates person-centred knowledge about how to live with illness that is situated to individual needs and unique daily lives. Facebook can be viewed as an emergent space for biosociality through which knowledge about how to self-care become co-constructed by peers based on their pragmatic experiences of self-care on a daily and ongoing basis.

Visualizing the Logic of a Clinical Guideline: A Case Study in Childhood Immunization

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Frawley ◽  
S. M. Powsner ◽  
R. N. Shiftman ◽  
P. L. Miller ◽  
C. A. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Clinical Guideline ◽  
Graph Model ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Visual Model ◽  
Knowledge Based

IMM/Graph is a visual model designed to help knowledge-base developers understand and refine the guideline logic for childhood immunization. The IMM/Graph model is domain-specific and was developed to help build a knowledge-based system that makes patient-specific immunization recommendations. A “visual vocabulary” models issues specific to the immunization domain, such as (1) the age a child is first eligible for each vaccination dose, (2) recommended, “past due” and maximum ages, (3) minimum waiting periods between doses, (4) the vaccine brand or preparation to be given, and (5) the various factors affecting the time course of vaccination. Several lessons learned in the course of developing IMM/Graph include the following: (1) The intended use of the model may influence the choice of visual presentation; (2) There is a potentially interesting interplay between the use of visual and textual information in creating the visual model; (3) Visualization may help a development team better understand a complex clinical guideline and may also help highlight areas of incompleteness.

Knowledge Acquisition, Verification, and Validation in an Expert System for Improved Traffic Safety

2000 ◽  
Vol 1739 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Herland ◽  
Björn Möller ◽  
Rein Schandersson
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Verification And Validation ◽  
End User ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Single Solution ◽  
Constructing Knowledge

KLOTS (knowledge-based local traffic safety support) is a Swedish expert system that provides advice on traffic safety problems and countermeasures in urban areas. The system is briefly described and the processes of knowledge collection, verification, and validation used in its development are explained. The user defines a safety problem with input forms. The result from the system is an analysis and a list of countermeasures, each with specific comments that reflect the problem. The principle of presenting a list instead of a single solution is intended to make the user more active in the process of finding an appropriate countermeasure. In practice, KLOTS may be used for providing advice, testing solutions, and making checks. It also may be used for educational purposes. The knowledge in KLOTS was obtained from experts during interviews and is structured in the form of rules for evaluating each problem specified. Development of the system has indicated that the experts must have recent practical experience of traffic safety problems. Presenting real-world cases to the experts and asking them to explain how they would solve them has proved to be the most successful interview technique. It has been possible to achieve a consensus among experts. Extensive testing, verification, and validation are carried out before new versions of KLOTS are released. Both end user validation and knowledge verification are described. Development and widespread use of the system show both the feasibility of constructing knowledge-based systems for traffic safety and a demand for such systems.

Tools For Constructing Knowledge-Based Systems

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 253436 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Based Systems ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Constructing Knowledge

scholarly journals Locally Based, Regionally Manifested, and Globally Relevant: Indigenous and Local Knowledge, Values, and Practices for Nature

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo S. Brondízio ◽  
Yildiz Aumeeruddy-Thomas ◽  
Peter Bates ◽  
Joji Carino ◽  
Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Constructing Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Burdens

The knowledge, values, and practices of Indigenous peoples and local communities offer ways to understand and better address social-environmental problems. The article reviews the state of the literature on this topic by focusing on six pathways by which Indigenous peoples and local communities engage with management of and relationships to nature. These are ( a) undertaking territorial management practices and customary governance, ( b) contributing to nature conservation and restoration efforts with regional to global implications, ( c) co-constructing knowledge for assessments and monitoring, ( d) countering the drivers of unsustainable resource use and resisting environmental injustices, ( e) playing key roles in environmental governance across scales, and (  f ) offering alternative conceptualizations of the interrelations between people and nature. The review shows that through these pathways Indigenous peoples and local communities are making significant contributions to managing the health of local and regional ecosystems, to producing knowledge based in diverse values of nature, confronting societal pressures and environmental burdens, and leading and partnering in environmental governance. These contributions have local to global implications but have yet to be fully recognized in conservation and development polices, and by society at large. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 46 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

CL: a flexible and efficient tool for constructing knowledge-based expert systems

IEEE Expert ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Watanabe ◽  
T. Yamanouchi ◽  
M. Iwamoto ◽  
Y. Ushioda
Keyword(s):  
Expert Systems ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Constructing Knowledge

Constructing knowledge-based systems

IEEE Software ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shadbolt ◽  
E. Motta ◽  
A. Rouge
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Based Systems ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Constructing Knowledge
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