Does Tree Age Predict the Occurrence and Abundance of Usnea Longissima in Multi-Aged Submontane Picea Abies Stands?

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørund Rolstad ◽  
Erlend Rolstad
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
South Central ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Usnea Longissima

AbstractIn boreal Scandinavia Usnea longissima is a rare epiphytic lichen associated with old spruce (Picea abies) forests. To test whether tree age was an important determinant of the occurrence and abundance of U. longissima at the scale of a forest stand we estimated thallus numbers on 1008 trees within three submontane spruce stands in south-central Norway. The stands were of all ages and multi-layered and had been selectively cut previous to the 1940s. There was no relationship between number of U. longissima thalli and tree age among trees with dbh of ≥ 10 cm. The most consistent pattern was a positive relationship between occurrence and number of thalli and stem diameter. After controlling the covariance of stem diameter, there was a tendency for a negative relationship between number of thalli and tree age. The results suggest that in old-growth resembling stands, with already established U. longissima populations, tree size (here measured as stem Diameter) is a better predictor of thallus number than tree age. This does not contradict the possibility that other environmental characteristics, associated with stands of older age, may be important for the establishment and growth of U. longissima populations.

Population Structure of the Epiphytic Lichen Usnea Longissima in a Boreal Picea Abies Canopy

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yngvar Gauslaa
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Usnea Longissima ◽  
Se Norway ◽  
Local Dispersal

AbstractUsnea longissima was sampled in SE Norway on six main branches of one Picea abies, comprising its full vertical canopy range. Nearly all specimens (n = 781) were unattached and fragmented, in contrast with associated lichens. A combination of weak axes and lack of holdfasts resulted in a population of repeatedly displaced thalli, a similar situation as in ground-dwelling vagant lichens. Comparisons with a litterfall population indicated that thalli, regardless of size, had a similar probability to end as litter on the ground. Specimens were frequently sorediate, but only 12 small thalli with a basal holdfast had been directly recruited through soredial establishment. Its patchy distribution within apparently homogenous forest stands is probably a consequence of a rare successful long-range dispersal through soredia coupled with an abundant local dispersal of coarse thallus fragments. Old forests with ample, diffuse skylight at lower and humid canopy levels are probably essential to maintain a vagant epiphytic life form with a predominantly downward dispersal of thallus fragments.

Litter fall of epiphytic macrolichens in two old Picea abies forests in Sweden

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 980-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Anders Esseen
Keyword(s):  
Standing Crop ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Epiphytic Lichens ◽  
Litter Fall ◽  
Alectoria Sarmentosa ◽  
Usnea Longissima ◽  
Tree Litter ◽  
Thallus Length

The seasonal and annual variation in the litter fall of epiphytic lichens and tree litter was studied over a period of 2 to 3 years at two forested hills in the eastern part of central Sweden. Litter fall was measured using traps and for one species, Usnea longissima, by collecting specimens present on the ground. Total litter fall amounted to 2.5 and 2.8 tons ha−1 year−1 of which lichens constituted 4.6 and 5.7% at the two sites. Lichen litter fall was highest during the period from late autumn to the beginning of summer. Both the lichens and the tree litter showed significant between-year differences. Usnea longissima had an annual turnover of 7.0 and 10.0% of the standing crop at the two sites. The thallus length distribution of U. longissima was positively skewed. It is concluded that dispersal of thallus fragments by wind evidently plays an important role for many of the filamentous lichens studied. It is suggested that U. longissima disperses over a much shorter distance than Alectoria sarmentosa and Bryoria spp. within a forest stand.

Lecidea hercynica, a new montane epiphytic lichen from Germany

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela SCHMULL ◽  
Markus HAUCK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Harz Mountains ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
High Elevation Forests ◽  
A New Species

Lecidea hercynica Hauck & Schmull is described as a new species from Germany. It is characterized by a poorly developed or bullate to verrucose, areolate thallus on whitened spots of the substratum, numerous plane to yellowish brown to black, convex apothecia with a persistent margin, Micarea type-like asci, and by the presence of atranorin and protocetraric acid. It does not belong to Lecidea s. str., but is provisionally placed in Lecidea s. lat. until a taxonomic treatment of the whole group has been carried out. Lecidea hercynica is widespread in high-elevation forests of Picea abies in the Harz Mountains, where it grows preferably on decorticated wood in open situations.

scholarly journals Transformation of even-aged spruce stands at the School Forest Enterprise Kostelec nad Černými lesy: Structure and final cutting of mature stand

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 158-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Remeš
Keyword(s):  
Forest Stand ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Mature Stand ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Very High

This paper deals with the transformation of pure even-aged forest stands to mixed and more uneven-aged stands on an example of selected even-aged Norway spruce stands in the School Forest Enterprise (SFE) in Kostelec nad Černými lesy. A forest stand where individual tree felling was used as the main method of forest stand regeneration was chosen as a conversion example. The main criterion of tree maturity is the culmination of mean volume increment of a single tree. The analyses confirmed a very high variability in the growth potential of individual trees. The potential and actual increment was strongly influenced by the stand position of tree and by crown release. These results show a high potential level of tree growth even at the age of 120 years. From 30% to 9% of all trees on particular experimental plots achieved felling maturity.

Edge Effects on the Epiphytic Lichen Flora of Picea Abies in Middle Boreal Finland

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Kivistö ◽  
Mikko Kuusinen
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Forest Margin ◽  
Lichen Flora

AbstractThe edge effect of large clear-cuts on the epiphytic lichen flora of Picea abies in old-growth forest fragments was studied at three south-exposed and four north-exposed forest clear-cut edges in middle boreal Finland. The sampling of the species cover on trunk bases was carried out along four transects parallel to the forest margin: (1) at the forest margin, (2) 10 m from the margin, (3) 20 m from the margin and (4) 50 m from the margin. In addition, control trees were sampled > 100 m from nearest edge. Our results showed that the epiphytic lichen species diversity was lower at the forest margin than in the forest interior for sunny south-facing edges, while the species diversity in north-exposed edges was independent of the distance from the forest margin. The cover of a common and abundant lichen species, Parmeliopsis ambigua, was slightly higher at the forest edge and decreased inside the forest for both south-exposed and north-exposed edges.

scholarly journals Land-use legacies: multi-centuries years-old management control of between-stands variability at the landscape scale in Mediterranean mountain forests, France

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chauchard ◽  
F. Guibal ◽  
C. Carcaillet
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Land Abandonment ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Long Time ◽  
A Site ◽  
Tree Composition

Traditional land use has shaped the Mediterranean region for a long time and has resulted in present-day complex landscapes. The land abandonment dating from the 19<sup>th</sup> century at a site located in the southwestern Alps (France) makes it possible to analyse how present-day forest stands inherit from past land uses. Tree composition and tree age structure were analysed in three stands resulting from different former land uses, i.e. ancient coppice, formerly grazed area and formerly tilled area. The ancient coppice contains the densest tree cover and is dominated by Fagus sylvatica, whereas the formerly ploughed and&nbsp; grazed areas are less dense, both dominated by Pinus sylvestris. Forest stand in the ancient coppice is older than in the formerly grazed area, and forest stand is the youngest in the formerly ploughed area. These stand differences are largely explained by former land use and the abandonment process. Albeit strong changes result from the land abandonment, these landscapes inherit aspects of their land use during the 19<sup>th</sup>century at least and the dynamics does not match the expected pattern of soil fertility. &nbsp;

scholarly journals The proportion of heartwood in conifer (Pinus sylvestris L., Picea abies [L.] H. Karst.) trunks and its influence on trunk wood moisture -

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Millers
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Different Ages

As the tree age increases, the formation of heartwood takes place in the central part of the tree. Since there is a large difference in the moisture content between sapwood and heartwood in conifers, the proportion of heartwood expressed in percentage is one of the most important factors influencing the average moisture of trunk wood. The aim of the research was to find out the changes in parameters of heartwood proportion and the changes in average trunk wood moisture parameters, depending on the age of the tree. To evaluate and compare the heartwood proportion in pine and spruce trunk and its moisture, sample plots were established throughout the territory of Latvia in 2011. These sample plots were established in stands of different ages (37&ndash;143 years). The total number of sample plots was 61&ndash;29 for pines with 246 sample trees and 32 sample plots for spruces with 270 sample trees. With the increase in the tree age from 60 to 140 years, the heartwood proportion increases and the average moisture content of trunk wood decreases. With an increase of the heartwood proportion in pine from 18% to 39%, the average moisture of trunk wood decreases from 108% to 86%, but with an increase of the heartwood proportion in spruce from 30% to 49%, the average moisture content of trunk wood decreases from 107% to 81%. &nbsp;

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