scholarly journals A Particulate Viral Protein Vaccine Reduces Viral Load and Delays Progression to Disease in Immunized Ponies Challenged with Equine Infectious Anemia Virus

Virology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 254 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Hammond ◽  
Sheila J. Cook ◽  
Louis D. Falo ◽  
Charles J. Issel ◽  
Ronald C. Montelaro
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Viral Protein ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
Protein Vaccine ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia ◽  
Anemia Virus

scholarly journals Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Is Found in Tissue Macrophages during Subclinical Infection

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 7263-7269 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lindsay Oaks ◽  
Travis C. McGuire ◽  
Catherine Ulibarri ◽  
Timothy B. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Anemia Virus

ABSTRACT The equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) often results in lifelong subclinical infection following early episodes of clinical disease. To identify the cellular reservoirs of EIAV during subclinical infection, horses were infected with EIAV and allowed to develop subclinical infections. Horses with acute disease served as a basis for comparison. The tissue distribution, replication status, location of infected cells, and viral load were characterized by PCR for proviral DNA and reverse transcriptase PCR for viral RNA, in situ hybridization, and in situ PCR. Proviral DNA was widespread in tissues regardless of disease status. Viral gag and env RNAs were also detected in tissues of all horses regardless of disease status. Plasma viral RNA (viremia) could be detected in some, but not all, horses with subclinical infections. In situ assays determined that a primary cellular reservoir and site of viral replication during subclinical infection is the macrophage. During subclinical infection, viral load was decreased 4- to 733-fold and there was decreased viral RNA expression within infected cells. These data indicate that viral replication continues at all times, even in horses that are clinically quiescent. Moreover, restricted viral replication at the cellular level is associated with clinical remission.

scholarly journals Evaluation of equine infectious anemia virus by the indirect ELISA EIA-LAB as screening tools in Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 103372
Author(s):  
Maria Carla Rodríguez Domínguez ◽  
Roberto Montes-de-Oca-Jiménez ◽  
Juan Carlos Vázquez Chagoyan ◽  
Alberto Barbabosa Pliego ◽  
Jorge Antonio Varela Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia ◽  
Anemia Virus

scholarly journals Mapping of Equine Lentivirus Receptor 1 Residues Critical for Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Envelope Binding

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 1204-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoshan Zhang ◽  
Chengqun Sun ◽  
Sha Jin ◽  
Michael Cascio ◽  
Ronald C. Montelaro
Keyword(s):  
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Virus Envelope ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia ◽  
Anemia Virus ◽  
Functional Receptor ◽  
Herpesvirus Entry Mediator ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT The equine lentivirus receptor 1 (ELR1), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) protein family, has been identified as a functional receptor for equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). Toward defining the functional interactions between the EIAV SU protein (gp90) and its ELR1 receptor, we mapped the gp90 binding domain of ELR1 by a combination of binding and functional assays using the EIAV SU gp90 protein and various chimeric receptor proteins derived from exchanges between the functional ELR1 and the nonbinding homolog, mouse herpesvirus entry mediator (murine HveA). Complementary exchanges of the respective cysteine-rich domains (CRD) between the ELR1 and murine HveA proteins revealed CRD1 as the predominant determinant of functional gp90 binding to ELR1 and also to a chimeric murine HveA protein expressed on the surface of transfected Cf2Th cells. Mutations of individual amino acids in the CRD1 segment of ELR1 and murine HveA indicated the Leu70 in CRD1 as essential for functional binding of EIAV gp90 and for virus infection of transduced Cf2Th cells. The specificity of the EIAV SU binding domain identified for the ELR1 receptor is fundamentally identical to that reported previously for functional binding of feline immunodeficiency virus SU to its coreceptor CD134, another TNFR protein. These results indicate unexpected common features of the specific mechanisms by which diverse lentiviruses can employ TNFR proteins as functional receptors.

Molecular detection of equine infectious anemia virus in clinically normal, seronegative horses in an endemic area of Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110061
Author(s):  
César I. Romo-Sáenz ◽  
Patricia Tamez-Guerra ◽  
Aymee Olivas-Holguin ◽  
Yareellys Ramos-Zayas ◽  
Nelson Obregón-Macías ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia ◽  
Anemia Virus ◽  
Equine Industry

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a highly infectious disease in members of the Equidae family, caused by equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). The disease severity ranges from subclinical to acute or chronic, and causes significant economic losses in the equine industry worldwide. Serologic tests for detection of EIAV infection have some concerns given the prolonged seroconversion time. Therefore, molecular methods are needed to improve surveillance programs for this disease. We attempted detection of EIAV in 6 clinical and 42 non-clinical horses in Nuevo Leon State, Mexico, using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test for antibody detection, and nested and hemi-nested PCR for detection of proviral DNA. We found that 6 of 6, 5 of 6, and 6 of 6 clinical horses were positive by AGID, nested PCR, and hemi-nested PCR, respectively, whereas 0 of 42, 1 of 42, and 9 of 42 non-clinical horses were positive by these tests, respectively. BLAST analysis of the 203-bp 5′-LTR/ tat segment of PCR product revealed 83–93% identity with EIAV isolates in GenBank and reference strains from other countries. By phylogenetic analysis, our Mexican samples were grouped in a different clade than other sequences reported worldwide, indicating that the LRT/ tat region represents an important target for the detection of non-clinical horses.

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