Converging Functional and Anatomical Evidence for Novel Brainstem Respiratory Compartments in the Rat

2004 ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. McCrimmon ◽  
George F. Alheid ◽  
Minchun Jiang ◽  
Tara Calandriello ◽  
Anupama Topgi
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Evidence

The morphology of grain abscission in Zizania aquatica

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (21) ◽  
pp. 2269-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Hanten ◽  
G. E. Ahlgren ◽  
J. B. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Wild Rice ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Zizania Aquatica ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Anatomical Evidence

The anatomical development of the abscission zone in grains of Zizania aquatica L. was correlated with development of the embryo. The abscission zone is well developed when the embryo sac is mature. Soon after pollination, the first anatomical evidence of abscission appears as plasmolysis of the separation layer parenchyma cells. This is followed by separation of the layers by dissolution of the middle lamella and fragmentation of cell walls. Persistence of intact vascular tissue and presence of a surrounding cone-shaped mass of lignified cells may be involved in abscission of wild rice grains.

Anatomical Evidence for GABA-5 HT Interaction in Serotonergic Neurons

1981 ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Pujol ◽  
Marie-Françoise Belin ◽  
Halima Gamrani ◽  
Michèle Aguera ◽  
André Calas
Keyword(s):  
Serotonergic Neurons ◽  
Anatomical Evidence

scholarly journals Parafascicular Thalamic and Orbitofrontal Cortical Inputs to Striatum Represent States for Goal-Directed Action Selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Stayte ◽  
Amolika Dhungana ◽  
Bryce Vissel ◽  
Laura A. Bradfield
Keyword(s):  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Action Selection ◽  
Parafascicular Nucleus ◽  
Cholinergic Interneurons ◽  
Directed Action ◽  
Cortical Inputs ◽  
Partially Observable ◽  
State Context ◽  
Anatomical Evidence

Several lines of evidence accrued over the last 5–10 years have converged to suggest that the parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex each represent or contribute to internal state/context representations that guide action selection in partially observable task situations. In rodents, inactivations of each structure have been found to selectively impair performance in paradigms testing goal-directed action selection, but only when that action selection relies on state representations. Electrophysiological evidence has suggested that each structure achieves this function via inputs onto cholinergic interneurons (CINs) in the dorsomedial striatum. Here, we briefly review these studies, then point to anatomical evidence regarding the afferents of each structure and what they suggest about the specific features that each contribute to internal state representations. Finally, we speculate as to whether this role might be achieved interdependently through direct PF→OFC projections, or through the convergence of independent direct orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus (PF) inputs onto striatal targets.

scholarly journals Leaf anatomy of a late Palaeozoic cycad

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 20170456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Feng ◽  
Yong Lv ◽  
Yun Guo ◽  
Hai-Bo Wei ◽  
Hans Kerp
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Fossil Leaves ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
The Family ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
Anatomical Evidence

Today, cycads are a small group of gymnospermous plants with a limited distribution in the (sub)tropics, but they were major constituents of Mesozoic floras. Fossil leaves sporadically found in latest Carboniferous and Permian floras have putatively been ascribed to cycads. However, their true affinity remains unclear due to the lack of anatomical evidence. Virtually all modern cycads have pinnate leaves, but this type of leaf morphology is by no means unique for cycads. Pinnate leaves of Plagiozamites oblongifolius Halle 1927 with well-preserved cuticles showing the epidermal anatomy are here described from the upper Permian Xuanwei Formation of Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The cuticles show a clear differentiation into costal and intercostal zones; stomata are confined to the intercostal zones on both the upper and lower leaf surfaces. The external morphology and the epidermal anatomy of these fossil leaves are closely comparable with those of extant cycads, particularly members of the family Zamiaceae.

Scotopic and photopic vision in the california ground squirrel: Physiological and anatomical evidence

1976 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald H. Jacobs ◽  
Steven K. Fisher ◽  
Don H. Anderson ◽  
Martin S. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
California Ground Squirrel ◽  
Photopic Vision ◽  
Anatomical Evidence

ONTOGENY OF THE FRUITS OF TWO ANOMALOUS AFRICAN WOODY GENERA, POLEMANNIOPSIS AND STEGANOTAENIA (APIACEAE), AND THEIR PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. (REBECCA) LIU ◽  
B-E. VAN WYK ◽  
P. M. TILNEY
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Flower Stage ◽  
Fruit Characters ◽  
Anatomical Evidence ◽  
Basal Position

The fruits of two anomalous African woody Apiaceae, Polemanniopsis marlothii and Steganotaenia araliacea, differ in structure when mature though the ovaries are very similar, both being heteromorphic in young flower stage. This unexpected heteromorphism in S. araliacea has important implications for future studies of basal genera and the interpretation of fruit characters in general. Both taxa also have unique ‘intrajugal cavities’ in the ovaries and fruits, which supports the idea that the two genera are closely related, sharing some characters with the Hydrocotyloideae and Saniculoideae. This provides morphological and anatomical evidence to support the previous hypotheses on their relationship with Saniculoideae. Their basal position is also supported by characters shared with other basal genera previously included in Hydrocotyloideae, such as the lateral wings and slightly lignified endocarp in Polemanniopsis and Steganotaenia.

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