Molecular and anatomical evidence for the input pathway- and target cell type-dependent regulation of glutamatergic synapses

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miwako Yamasaki
Keyword(s):  
Target Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Glutamatergic Synapses ◽  
Anatomical Evidence

scholarly journals Original article Target cell type dependent immune activity of plant extracts in bovine raised under different technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Mates C. Ionut ◽  
Spinu Marina ◽  
Pall Emoke ◽  
Brudasca Florinel ◽  
Suatean Monica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Immune Activity

scholarly journals Evaluating Cell Identity from Transcription Profiles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Mah ◽  
Katerina Taškova ◽  
Khadija El Amrani ◽  
Krithika Hariharan ◽  
Andreas Kurtz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Cell ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
List Type ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Identity ◽  
Transcription Profiles ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
A Cell

SummaryInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) and direct lineage programming offer promising autologous and patient-specific sources of cells for personalized drug-testing and cell-based therapy. Before these engineered cells can be widely used, it is important to evaluate how well the engineered cell types resemble their intended target cell types. We have developed a method to generate CellScore, a cell identity score that can be used to evaluate the success of an engineered cell type in relation to both its initial and desired target cell type, which are used as references. Of 20 cell transitions tested, the most successful transitions were the iPS cells (CellScore > 0.9), while other transitions (e.g. induced hepatocytes or motor neurons) indicated incomplete transitions (CellScore < 0.5). In principle, the method can be applied to any engineered cell undergoing a cell transition, where transcription profiles are available for the reference cell types and the engineered cell type.HighlightsA curated standard dataset of transcription profiles from normal cell types was created.CellScore evaluates the cell identity of engineered cell types, using the curated dataset.CellScore considers the initial and desired target cell type.CellScore identifies the most successfully engineered clones for further functional testing.

scholarly journals Proteins and Small Molecules for Cellular Regenerative Medicine

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Green ◽  
Richard T. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Multipotent Cells ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
Treatment Paradigm ◽  
Ischemic Diseases

Regenerative medicine seeks to understand tissue development and homeostasis and build on that knowledge to enhance regeneration of injured tissues. By replenishing lost functional tissues and cells, regenerative medicine could change the treatment paradigm for a broad range of degenerative and ischemic diseases. Multipotent cells hold promise as potential building blocks for regenerating lost tissues, but successful tissue regeneration will depend on comprehensive control of multipotent cells–differentiation into a target cell type, delivery to a desired tissue, and integration into a durable functional structure. At each step of this process, proteins and small molecules provide essential signals and, in some cases, may themselves act as effective therapies. Identifying these signals is thus a fundamental goal of regenerative medicine. In this review we discuss current progress using proteins and small molecules to regulate tissue regeneration, both in combination with cellular therapies and as monotherapy.

scholarly journals Parallel responses of human epidermal keratinocytes to inorganic SbIII and AsIII

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie A. Phillips ◽  
Angela Cánovas ◽  
Pei-Wen Wu ◽  
Alma Islas-Trejo ◽  
Juan F. Medrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Protein Profiling ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Human Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Epidermal Growth

Environmental contextIncreasing commercial use of antimony is raising its environmental presence and thus possible effects on humans and ecosystems. An important uncertainty is the risk that exposure poses for biological systems. The present work explores the similarity in response of human epidermal keratinocytes, a known target cell type, to antimony and arsenic, where deleterious consequences of exposure to the latter are better known. AbstractSbIII and AsIII are known to exhibit similar chemical properties, but the degree of similarity in their effects on biological systems merits further exploration. The present work compares the responses of human epidermal keratinocytes, a known target cell type for arsenite-induced carcinogenicity, to these metalloids after treatment for 1 week at environmentally relevant concentrations. Previous work with these cells has shown that arsenite and antimonite have parallel effects in suppressing differentiation, altering levels of several critical enzymes and maintaining colony-forming ability. More globally, protein profiling now reveals parallels in SbIII and AsIII effects. The more sensitive technique of transcriptional profiling also shows considerable parallels. Thus, gene expression changes were almost entirely in the same directions for the two treatments, although the degree of change was sometimes significantly different. Inspection of the changes revealed that RYR1 and LRIG1 were among the genes strongly suppressed, consistent with reduced calcium-dependent differentiation and maintenance of epidermal growth factor-dependent proliferative potential. Moreover, levels of microRNAs in the cells were altered in parallel, with nearly 90% of the 198 most highly expressed ones being suppressed. Among these was miR-203, which is known to decrease proliferative potential. Finally, both SbIII and AsIII were seen to attenuate bone morphogenetic protein 6 induction of dual-specificity phosphatases 2 and 14, consistent with maintaining epidermal growth factor receptor signalling. These findings raise the question of whether SbIII, like AsIII, could act as a human skin carcinogen.

scholarly journals Estimating and Correcting for Off-Target Cellular Contamination in Brain Cell Type Specific RNA-Seq Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Sicherman ◽  
Dwight F. Newton ◽  
Paul Pavlidis ◽  
Etienne Sibille ◽  
Shreejoy J. Tripathy
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Purification ◽  
Single Cell Type

Transcriptionally profiling minor cellular populations remains an ongoing challenge in molecular genomics. Single-cell RNA sequencing has provided valuable insights into a number of hypotheses, but practical and analytical challenges have limited its widespread adoption. A similar approach, which we term single-cell type RNA sequencing (sctRNA-seq), involves the enrichment and sequencing of a pool of cells, yielding cell type-level resolution transcriptomes. While this approach offers benefits in terms of mRNA sampling from targeted cell types, it is potentially affected by off-target contamination from surrounding cell types. Here, we leveraged single-cell sequencing datasets to apply a computational approach for estimating and controlling the amount of off-target cell type contamination in sctRNA-seq datasets. In datasets obtained using a number of technologies for cell purification, we found that most sctRNA-seq datasets tended to show some amount of off-target mRNA contamination from surrounding cells. However, using covariates for cellular contamination in downstream differential expression analyses increased the quality of our models for differential expression analysis in case/control comparisons and typically resulted in the discovery of more differentially expressed genes. In general, our method provides a flexible approach for detecting and controlling off-target cell type contamination in sctRNA-seq datasets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document