Extraction of Salient Contours Via Excitatory-Inhibitory Interactions in the Visual Cortex

2006 ◽  
pp. 683-691
Author(s):  
Qiling Tang ◽  
Nong Sang ◽  
Tianxu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Inhibitory Interactions

Retinotopic and nonretinotopic field potentials in cat visual cortex

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 953-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kitano ◽  
K. Niiyama ◽  
T. Kasamatsu ◽  
E. E. Sutter ◽  
A. M. Norcia
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Receptive Field ◽  
Peak Latency ◽  
Conduction Delay ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Local Component ◽  
Cat Visual Cortex ◽  
Retinotopic Organization ◽  
Nonlinear Integration ◽  
Inhibitory Interactions

AbstractTwo types of field potentials were identified in cat visual cortex using contrast reversal of oriented bar gratings: a short-latency fast-local component with a retinotopic organization similar to that seen with single-unit discharges at the same cortical site, and a slow, nonretinotopic component with a longer peak latency. The slow-distributed component had an extensive receptive field mapped by measuring the amplitude of binary kernels and showed strong inhibitory interactions within the receptive field. The peak latency of the slow-local component increased with distance from the retinotopic center, suggesting a possible conduction delay. Both components showed some orientation bias depending on the laminar location, but the bias could be independent of the orientation preferred by single units in the immediate vicinity. The present findings indicate that locally generated field potentials reflect cortical mechanisms for nonlinear integration over wide areas of the visual field.

scholarly journals Visual Gamma Oscillations Predict Sensory Sensitivity in Females as they do in Males

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Manyukhina ◽  
Ekaterina Rostovtseva ◽  
Andrey Prokofyev ◽  
Tatiana Obukhova ◽  
Justin Schneiderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Neural Excitability ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
High Contrast Grating ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Inhibitory Interactions

Abstract Gamma oscillations are driven by local cortical excitatory (E) - inhibitory (I) loops and may help to characterize neural processing involving excitatory-inhibitory interactions. In the visual cortex reliable gamma oscillations can be recorded with magnetoencephalography (MEG) in the majority of individuals, which makes visual gamma an attractive candidate for biomarkers of brain disorders associated with E/I imbalance. Little is known, however, about if/how these oscillations reflect individual differences in neural excitability and associated sensory/perceptual phenomena. The power of visual gamma response (GR) changes nonlinearly with increasing stimulation intensity: it increases with transition from static to slowly drifting high-contrast grating and then attenuates with further increase in the drift rate. In a recent MEG study we found that the GR attenuation predicted sensitivity to sensory stimuli in everyday life in neurotypical adult men and in men with autism spectrum disorders. Here, we replicated these results in neurotypical female participants. The GR enhancement with transition from static to slowly drifting grating did not correlate significantly with the sensory sensitivity measures. These findings suggest that weak velocity-related attenuation of the GR is a reliable neural concomitant of visual hypersensitivity and that the degree of GR attenuation may provide useful information about E/I balance in the visual cortex.

scholarly journals Strabismic Suppression Is Mediated by Inhibitory Interactions in the Primary Visual Cortex

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1750-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sengpiel ◽  
K.-U. Jirmann ◽  
V. Vorobyov ◽  
U. T. Eysel
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Inhibitory Interactions

Functional significance of inhibitory interactions between inhibitory interneurons in visual cortex

2000 ◽  
Vol 32-33 ◽  
pp. 425-432
Author(s):  
Vivek Khatri ◽  
Philip S. Ulinski
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Inhibitory Interneurons ◽  
Inhibitory Interactions

Lateral Inhibition Organizes Beta Attentional Modulation in the Primary Visual Cortex

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850047
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Gajewska-Dendek ◽  
Andrzej Wróbel ◽  
Marek Bekisz ◽  
Piotr Suffczynski
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Attentional Modulation ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Inhibitory Interactions

We have previously shown that during top-down attentional modulation (stimulus expectation) correlations of the beta signals across the primary visual cortex were uniform, while during bottom-up attentional processing (visual stimulation) their values were heterogeneous. These different patterns of attentional beta modulation may be caused by feed-forward lateral inhibitory interactions in the visual cortex, activated solely during stimulus processing. To test this hypothesis, we developed a large-scale computational model of the cortical network. We first identified the parameter range needed to support beta rhythm generation, and next, simulated the different activity states corresponding to experimental paradigms. The model matched our experimental data in terms of spatial organization of beta correlations during different attentional states and provided a computational confirmation of the hypothesis that the paradigm-specific beta activation spatial maps depend on the lateral inhibitory mechanism. The model also generated testable predictions that cross-correlation values depend on the distance between the activated columns and on their spatial position with respect to the location of the sensory inputs from the thalamus.

scholarly journals Spatial suppression in visual motion perception is driven by inhibition: evidence from MEG gamma oscillations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Orekhova ◽  
E.N. Rostovtseva ◽  
V.O. Manyukhina ◽  
A.O. Prokofiev ◽  
T.S. Obukhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Directional Sensitivity ◽  
List Type ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
School Age ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Surround Inhibition ◽  
Inhibitory Interactions

AbstractSpatial suppression (SS) is a visual perceptual phenomenon that is manifest in a reduction of directional sensitivity for drifting high-contrast gratings whose size exceeds the center of the visual field. Gratings moving at faster velocities induce stronger SS. The neural processes that give rise to such size- and velocity-dependent reductions in directional sensitivity are currently unknown, and the role of surround inhibition is unclear. In magnetoencephalogram (MEG), large high-contrast drifting gratings induce a strong gamma response (GR), which also attenuates with an increase in the gratings’ velocity. It has been suggested that the slope of this GR attenuation is mediated by inhibitory interactions in the primary visual cortex. Herein, we investigate whether SS is related to this inhibitory-based MEG measure. We evaluated SS and GR in two independent samples of participants: school-age boys and adult women. The slope of GR attenuation predicted inter-individual differences in SS in both samples. Test-retest reliability of the neuro-behavioral correlation was assessed in the adults, and was high between two sessions separated by several days or weeks. Neither frequencies nor absolute amplitudes of the GRs correlated with SS, which highlights the functional relevance of velocity-related changes in GR magnitude caused by augmentation of incoming input. Our findings provide evidence that links the psychophysical phenomenon of SS to inhibitory-based neural responses in the human primary visual cortex. This supports the role of inhibitory interactions as an important underlying mechanism for spatial suppression.HighlightsThe role of surround inhibition in perceptual spatial suppression (SS) is debatedGR attenuation with increasing grating’s velocity may reflect surround inhibitionPeople with greater GR attenuation exhibit stronger SSThe neuro-behavioral correlation is replicated in school-age boys and adult womenThe surround inhibition in the V1 is an important mechanism underlying SS

scholarly journals Lack of lateral inhibitory interactions in visual cortex of monocularly deprived cats

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kasamatsu ◽  
M. Kitano ◽  
E.E. Sutter ◽  
A.M. Norcia
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Inhibitory Interactions

scholarly journals Visual gamma oscillations predict sensory sensitivity in females as they do in males

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriya O. Manyukhina ◽  
Ekaterina N. Rostovtseva ◽  
Andrey O. Prokofyev ◽  
Tatiana S. Obukhova ◽  
Justin F. Schneiderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Neural Excitability ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
High Contrast Grating ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Inhibitory Interactions

AbstractGamma oscillations are driven by local cortical excitatory (E)–inhibitory (I) loops and may help to characterize neural processing involving excitatory-inhibitory interactions. In the visual cortex reliable gamma oscillations can be recorded with magnetoencephalography (MEG) in the majority of individuals, which makes visual gamma an attractive candidate for biomarkers of brain disorders associated with E/I imbalance. Little is known, however, about if/how these oscillations reflect individual differences in neural excitability and associated sensory/perceptual phenomena. The power of visual gamma response (GR) changes nonlinearly with increasing stimulation intensity: it increases with transition from static to slowly drifting high-contrast grating and then attenuates with further increase in the drift rate. In a recent MEG study we found that the GR attenuation predicted sensitivity to sensory stimuli in everyday life in neurotypical adult men and in men with autism spectrum disorders. Here, we replicated these results in neurotypical female participants. The GR enhancement with transition from static to slowly drifting grating did not correlate significantly with the sensory sensitivity measures. These findings suggest that weak velocity-related attenuation of the GR is a reliable neural concomitant of visual hypersensitivity and that the degree of GR attenuation may provide useful information about E/I balance in the visual cortex.

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