Monitoring Distributed Systems for Safety Critical Software: A Goal-Driven Approach and Prototype-Tool

2006 ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
Guido Pennella ◽  
Christian Di Biagio ◽  
Alessandro Colicchia ◽  
Gianfranco Pesce ◽  
Giovanni Cantone
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Systems ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Prototype Tool

The Breakdown of Coordinated Decision Making in Distributed Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bearman ◽  
Susannah B. F. Paletz ◽  
Judith Orasanu ◽  
Matthew J. W. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Distributed Systems ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Hidden Cost ◽  
Aviation Safety Reporting System

Objective: This article aims to explore the nature and resolution of breakdowns in coordinated decision making in distributed safety-critical systems. Background: In safety-critical domains, people with different roles and responsibilities often must work together to make coordinated decisions while geographically distributed. Although there is likely to be a large degree of overlap in the shared mental models of these people on the basis of procedures and experience, subtle differences may exist. Method: Study 1 involves using Aviation Safety Reporting System reports to explore the ways in which coordinated decision making breaks down between pilots and air traffic controllers and the way in which the breakdowns are resolved. Study 2 replicates and extends those findings with the use of transcripts from the Apollo 13 National Aeronautics and Space Administration space mission. Results: Across both studies, breakdowns were caused in part by different types of lower-level breakdowns (or disconnects), which are labeled as operational, informational, or evaluative. Evaluative disconnects were found to be significantly harder to resolve than other types of disconnects. Conclusion: Considering breakdowns according to the type of disconnect involved appears to capture useful information that should assist accident and incident investigators. The current trend in aviation of shifting responsibilities and providing increasingly more information to pilots may have a hidden cost of increasing evaluative disconnects. Application: The proposed taxonomy facilitates the investigation of breakdowns in coordinated decision making and draws attention to the importance of considering subtle differences between participants’ mental models when considering complex distributed systems.

scholarly journals BDD4BNN: A BDD-Based Quantitative Analysis Framework for Binarized Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 175-200
Author(s):  
Yedi Zhang ◽  
Zhe Zhao ◽  
Guangke Chen ◽  
Fu Song ◽  
Taolue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Binary Decision Diagrams ◽  
Robustness Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Cardinality Constraints ◽  
Binary Decision ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Prototype Tool

AbstractVerifying and explaining the behavior of neural networks is becoming increasingly important, especially when they are deployed in safety-critical applications. In this paper, we study verification and interpretability problems for Binarized Neural Networks (BNNs), the 1-bit quantization of general real-numbered neural networks. Our approach is to encode BNNs into Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs), which is done by exploiting the internal structure of the BNNs. In particular, we translate the input-output relation of blocks in BNNs to cardinality constraints which are in turn encoded by BDDs. Based on the encoding, we develop a quantitative framework for BNNs where precise and comprehensive analysis of BNNs can be performed. We demonstrate the application of our framework by providing quantitative robustness analysis and interpretability for BNNs. We implement a prototype tool and carry out extensive experiments, confirming the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.

Managing evolution in distributed systems

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Kramer ◽  
Jeff Magee ◽  
Morris Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Systems
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