Major Late Promoter

2006 ◽  
pp. 516-516
2005 ◽  
Vol 435 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delin Ren ◽  
Yuri A. Nedialkov ◽  
Fang Li ◽  
Dianpeng Xu ◽  
Stephan Reimers ◽  
...  

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 1687-1693
Author(s):  
G W Hatfield ◽  
J A Sharp ◽  
M Rosenberg

Kinetic analyses of runoff transcription in a cell-free eucaryotic transcription system revealed that the bacteriophage lambda 4S RNA terminator caused human RNA polymerase II to pause on the template and partially terminate transcription of transcripts initiated by the adenovirus 2 major late promoter. Analogous to the procaryotic RNA polymerase, the eucaryotic enzyme terminated just beyond the guanine-plus-cytosine-rich region of dyad symmetry in the terminator sequence. These results suggest that the eucaryotic RNA polymerase II may respond to transcription termination sequences similar to those used by the procaryotic enzyme. However, similar templates containing lambda tint or lambda tR1 terminators did not elicit pausing or termination, suggesting that other features, such as sequence specificity, may also be involved.


1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2684-2694 ◽  
Author(s):  
S L Mansour ◽  
T Grodzicker ◽  
R Tjian

We analyzed a set of adenovirus-simian virus 40 (SV40) hybrids in which the SV40 T antigen coding sequences are inserted downstream from the adenovirus major late promoter within the first, second, and third segments of the tripartite leader. In infected cells, these viruses give rise to a matched set of hybrid SV40 mRNAs that differ only in the number of tripartite leader segments attached to the complete SV40 T antigen coding region. We found that the number of tripartite leader segments present at the 5' end of the hybrid SV40 mRNAs had little effect on the efficiency of T antigen translation. Surprisingly, insertion of SV40 sequences within the first leader segment, at +33 relative to the start of transcription, significantly reduced the frequency of transcription initiation from the major late promoter. The 3' boundary of this downstream transcriptional control element was mapped between +33 and +190 by showing that insertion of SV40 sequences within the intron after the first leader segment at +190 had very little effect on transcription initiation from the late promoter. A transient expression assay was used to show that the effect of downstream sequences on transcription initiation from the major late promoter is dependent on a trans-acting factor encoded or induced by adenovirus.


1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1091-1100
Author(s):  
L J Brunet ◽  
L E Babiss ◽  
C S Young ◽  
D R Mills

We developed an experimental system to examine the effects of mutations in the adenovirus major late promoter in its correct genomic location during a productive infection. A virus was constructed whose genome could be digested to give a rightward terminal DNA fragment extending from the XhoI site at 22.9 map units, which can be ligated or recombined with plasmid DNA containing adenovirus sequences extending from 0 to 22.9 or 26.5 map units, respectively. Mutations were made by bisulfite mutagenesis in the region between base pairs -52 and -12 with respect to the cap site at +1 and transferred to the appropriate plasmids for viral reconstruction. Of 19 mutant plasmid sequences containing single or multiple G-to-A transitions, 14 could be placed in the viral genome with no apparent change in phenotype. These mutant sequences included those which contained four transitions in the string of G residues immediately downstream of the TATA box. There were no alterations in rates of transcription from the major late promoter, sites of transcription initiation, or steady-state levels of late mRNAs. All of the five mutant sequences which could not be placed in virus contained multiple transitions both up- and downstream of the TATA box. Two of these apparently lethal mutant sequences were used in promoter fusion experiments to test their ability to promote transcription of rabbit beta-globin sequences placed in the dispensable E1 region of the virus. Both sequences showed diminished ability compared with wild-type sequences to promote transcription in this context. Comparisons between these two sequences and the viable mutant sequences suggest a role for the string of G residues located between -38 and -33 in promoting transcription from the major late promoter. The data as a whole also demonstrate that the specific nucleotide sequence of this region of the major late promoter, which overlaps transcription elements of the divergent IVa2 transcription unit and coding sequences of the adenovirus DNA polymerase, is not rigidly constrained but can mutate extensively without loss of these several functions.


1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 5562-5564
Author(s):  
S Buratowski ◽  
P A Sharp

RNA polymerase II assembles with other factors on the adenovirus type 2 major late promoter to generate pairs of transcription initiation complexes resolvable by nondenaturing gel electrophoresis. The pairing of the complexes is caused by the presence or absence of the C-terminal domain of the largest subunit. This domain is not required for transcription stimulation by the major late transcription factor in vitro.


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