Distribution of Juniperus Woodlands in Central Texas in Relation to General Abiotic Site Type

Stygobiont Diversity in the San Marcos Artesian Well and Edwards Aquifer Groundwater Ecosystem, Texas, USA

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13060234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 234

Author(s):

Benjamin T. Hutchins ◽

J. Randy Gibson ◽

Peter H. Diaz ◽

Benjamin F. Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Edwards Aquifer ◽

Biological Investigation ◽

Important Species ◽

Site Type ◽

Β Diversity ◽

Trinity Aquifer ◽

San Marcos ◽

Central Texas

The Edwards Aquifer and related Edwards-Trinity Aquifer of Central Texas, USA, is a global hotspot of stygobiont biodiversity. We summarize 125 years of biological investigation at the San Marcos Artesian Well (SMAW), the best studied and most biodiverse groundwater site (55 stygobiont taxa: 39 described and 16 undescribed) within the Edwards Aquifer Groundwater Ecosystem. Cluster analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) incorporating temporally derived, distance-based Moran’s Eigenvector Mapping (dbMem) illustrate temporal dynamics in community composition in 85 high-frequency samples from the SMAW. Although hydraulic variability related to precipitation and discharge partially explained changes in community composition at the SMAW, a large amount of temporal autocorrelation between samples remains unexplained. We summarize potential mechanisms by which hydraulic changes can affect community structure in deep, phreatic karst aquifers. We also compile information on 12 other Edwards and Edwards-Trinity Aquifer sites with 10 or more documented stygobionts and used distance-based RDA to assess the relative influences of distance and site type on three measures of β-diversity. Distance between sites was the most important predictor of total dissimilarity and replacement, although site type was also important. Species richness difference was not predicted by either distance or site type.

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Architecture of Radiolitid Rudist (Mollusca) Shell-Wall Structures and its Phylogenetic Implications

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100117054 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 686-687

Author(s):

David H. Sturm ◽

Bob F. Perkins

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Outer Wall ◽

Shell Microstructure ◽

Shell Wall ◽

Wall Structures ◽

Phylogenetic Implications ◽

Cellular Wall ◽

Superfamily Analysis ◽

Central Texas

Each of the seven families of rudists (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Hippuritacea) is characterized by distinctive shell-wall architectures which reflect phylogenetic relationships within the superfamily. Analysis of the complex, calcareous, cellular wall of the attached valve of the radiolite rudist Eoradiolites davidsoni (Hill) from the Comanche Cretaceous of Central Texas indicates that its wall architecture is an elaboration of the simpler monopleurid rudist wall and supports possible radiolite-monopleurid relationships.Several well-preserved specimens of E. davidsoni were sectioned, polished, etched, and carbon and gold coated for SEM examination. Maximum shell microstructure detail was displayed by etching with a 0.7% HC1 solution from 80 to 100 seconds.The shell of E. davidsoni comprises a large, thick-walled, conical, attached valve (AV) and a small, very thin, operculate, free valve (FV) (Fig. 1a). The AV shell is two-layered with a thin inner wall, in which original structures are usually obliterated by recrystallization, and a thick, cellular, outer wall.

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