Race and Ethnicity in the Lives of Sexual Minority Parents and Their Children

This chapter returns to the concept of gender assessments, this time examining how they work after parents have determined their child is transgender. While many parents perceived themselves to be acutely vulnerable to state regulation, families with sexual-minority parents or racial-minority children were much more likely to have interventions into their lives by the state. When the state actually did intervene, however, it was with great consequence, and those interventions intensified the inequalities those families already suffered. Families with the greatest emotional and material resources, however, could marshal the state to assist them in problem solving, demonstrating the double life of the state (as enforcer and as resource provider) and the ways in which it exacerbates preexisting inequalities.

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Examining inequities in rates of undiagnosed HIV and rectal STIs in a large nationwide cohort study of sexual minority men

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sextrans-2021-055047 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. sextrans-2021-055047

Author(s):

H Jonathon Rendina ◽

Ali Talan ◽

K Marie Sizemore ◽

Nicola F Tavella ◽

Brian Salfas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Sexual Minority ◽

Race And Ethnicity ◽

Sexual Minority Men ◽

Undiagnosed Hiv ◽

Incarceration History ◽

Minority Men ◽

Black And Latino

ObjectiveSexual minority men (SMM) of colour are disproportionately impacted by HIV and bacterial STIs (bSTIs). To better understand within-group heterogeneity and differential risk factors by race and ethnicity, we sought to examine rates of undiagnosed HIV and rectal bSTI at the intersection of racial and ethnic identity with other sociodemographic factors.MethodsWe examined data from 8105 SMM conducting home-based self-testing at enrolment in a nationwide cohort study collected from November 2017 to August 2018. We conducted analyses stratified by racial and ethnic groups to examine within-group (ie, subgroup) unadjusted rates of HIV and rectal bSTI infection across a range of characteristics.ResultsRates of undiagnosed HIV were highest among Black (4.3%, n=39) and Latino (2.4%, n=38) SMM, with lower rates among those identified as multiracial (1.6%, n=15), white (1.3%, n=56) and other races (1.3%, n=6). Across the stratified analyses of HIV infection, 15 significant associations emerged showing that age, region, insurance type, sexual positioning and incarceration history had differential impacts across racial and ethnic groups. In particular, private and public insurance were protective against HIV for white but not Black and Latino SMM, and incarceration was associated with substantially higher rates of HIV infection for Black and Latino SMM relative to white SMM. We found significant co-occurrence of HIV and bSTI rates for participants who identified as Latino (OR=7.5, 95% CI 2.12 to 26.54), white (OR=3.19, 95% CI 1.14 to 8.98) and multiracial (OR=5.5, 95% CI 1.08 to 27.90), but not those who identified as Black (OR=0.82, 95% CI 0.10 to 6.56) or other races (OR=3.56 95% CI 0.31 to 40.80).ConclusionsStratified analyses showed differential rates of HIV infection at the intersection of racial and ethnic groups with other characteristics, particularly insurance status and incarceration history, pointing to structural inequities rather than individual behaviours underlying disproportionately high rates of HIV for Black and Latino SMM.

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Spirituality, Well-Being, Race, and Ethnicity in Young Sexual Minority Women

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e543072014-001 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Alena Y. N. Balgobin ◽

Christina Rincon ◽

Molly Brennan ◽

Kimberly F. Balsam

Keyword(s):

Sexual Minority ◽

Race And Ethnicity ◽

Well Being ◽

Minority Women ◽

Sexual Minority Women

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Racism and Sociopolitical Engagement Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Racial/Ethnic Minority Adults

The Counseling Psychologist ◽

10.1177/0011000017699529 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 414-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rachel A. VanDaalen ◽

Carlos E. Santos

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Ethnic Minority ◽

Asian American ◽

Sexual Minority ◽

Race And Ethnicity ◽

Perceived Racism ◽

Minority Communities ◽

Perceptions Of Racism ◽

And Bisexual ◽

Racial Ethnic

Experiences of discrimination due to one’s racial; ethnic; or lesbian gay, or bisexual (LGB) status have been associated with higher levels of sociopolitical involvement in racial, ethnic, and sexual minority communities. In this study, we examined (a) the associations between perceived racism in the LGB community, sociopolitical involvement in LGB racial or ethnic minority communities, and outness; and (b) whether the association between perceived racism and sociopolitical involvement in the LGB community is moderated by outness among LGB racial or ethnic minority adults. The study draws on a sample that is diverse with respect to age, gender, sexual orientation, race, and ethnicity. Results revealed that Asian American participants perceived higher levels of racism in the LGB community than Latina/o participants. Perceptions of racism in the LGB community predicted sociopolitical involvement in LGB communities. Implications of these findings are discussed.

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What is LGBTQ Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)?

LGBTQ Intimate Partner Violence ◽

10.1525/california/9780520286054.003.0003 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Adam M. Messinger

Keyword(s):

Sexual Minority ◽

Race And Ethnicity ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Time Frame ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Population Estimates ◽

Policy Practice ◽

Self Defense ◽

Future Policy

This chapter synthesizes research on the nature of LGBTQ IPV, including the tactics comprising and the prevalence of each form of IPV (psychological, physical, and sexual IPV, along with intimate-partner homicide), its directionality (i.e., how common it is that one or both partners in a relationship uses IPV tactics, as well as how motivations like self-defense color the so-called mutual-battering debate), where and when it occurs, and outcomes for victims. Where possible, estimates within LGBTQ populations are broken down by sexual orientation, gender identity, trans*-cisgender identity, race and ethnicity, age, and nationality. Comparisons are likewise drawn between sexual minority and heterosexual victims as well as between trans* and cisgender victims. Given that methodological differences have the potential to substantially impact results, an effort is made to largely make apples-to-apples comparisons between similar studies (such as by comparing studies using the same IPV lifetime victimization time frame), and IPV frequency findings are divided into those emerging from probability versus non-probability sampled studies. Quantitative data in this chapter, as well as throughout the book, is leaned on for population estimates, which is then repeatedly contextualized with high-detail qualitative data. The chapter concludes with implications for future policy, practice, and research.

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Sexuality in Emerging Adulthood

10.1093/oso/9780190057008.003.0016 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 257-273

Author(s):

Sarah E. Killoren

Keyword(s):

Emerging Adults ◽

Sexual Minority ◽

Race And Ethnicity ◽

Extended Family ◽

Family Members ◽

Future Research ◽

Cultural Groups ◽

Sexual Values ◽

Beliefs And Practices ◽

Similarities And Differences

Emerging adults’ relationships with parents and other family members are important for their sexuality development. Primarily, research on the roles of family members focuses on parents. Communication with parents, support from parents, and parents’ behaviors have both direct and indirect implications for emerging adults’ sexual values and behaviors. Furthermore, studies show that there are similarities and differences in how parents are influential on emerging adults’ sexuality based on gender, sexual minority status, race and ethnicity, and religious beliefs and practices. Although limited, there is evidence that family members other than parents, such as siblings and extended family, are important for emerging adults’ sexuality, particularly for certain cultural groups. The findings reviewed in this chapter have implications for practitioners working with families. Directions for future research are recommended.

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