Evidence that Uric Acid Abolishes Citrate-Mediated Inhibition of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Agglomeration in Vitro

1994 ◽  
pp. 275-279
Author(s):  
S. M. Volta ◽  
E. E. Fradinger ◽  
C. E. Bogado ◽  
J. R. Zanchetta
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate

scholarly journals Urolithiasis in male patients: A pilot study on the ethnic differences and clinical profile

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-98
Author(s):  
Jayadevan Sreedharan ◽  
LJ John ◽  
HAM Aly Freeg ◽  
J Muttappallymyalil
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ureteral Stones ◽  
Stone Size ◽  
Uric Acid Stones ◽  
Male Patients

Background   Ethnicity play a role in the occurrence of urinary stones, probably related to climatic, environmental and dietary factors in ethnic groups. The association between ethnicity, age, clinical profile, stone size with type of ureteric stones among males with urolithiasis was studied.   Materials and Methods Male patients (>18 years) with lower ureteral stones size <10mm attending outpatient department of Urology, at a private hospital, Ajman over a period of one year were included. Ethics approval was obtained from Institutional Ethics Committee. Data was retrieved from the case records which included socio-demographic variables (age, ethnicity), clinical profile (ureteric colic, duration of pain, other complaints), and laboratory investigations (type of stone, stone size). Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed with SPSS-20 and p values <0.05 considered significant. Results 185 male patients were included. Mean age was 41.5 (7.3) years, range (22-71) years. Out of the total, 81 (43.8%) patients were Asians, 81(43.8%) Arabs and 23 (12.4%) were of other ethnicity. Most patients (95.1%) presented with ureteric pain. 49 (26.5%) had family history of stone disease where calcium oxalate monohydrate and uric acid stones were common, with majority being first degree relation. Data on stone type was available for 90 patients; of which, 21 were calcium oxalate monohydrate, 33-calcium oxalate dehydrate, 24-uric acid and remaining 12 other form of stones. Average age for different types of stone was 38.3, 41.6, 39.4 and 42.8 years for calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dehydrate, uric acid and other types respectively. Conclusion Uric acid stones were more prevalent among Asians and calcium oxalate-dehydrate stones among Arabs. Future studies can be conducted among multiethnic population focusing on dietary pattern and stone analysis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v4i4.11359 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2014; 4(4):393-98

scholarly journals Active Phagocytosis and Diachronic Processing of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystals in an in vitro Macrophage Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1014-1025
Author(s):  
Atsushi Okada ◽  
Hiromasa Aoki ◽  
Daichi Onozato ◽  
Taiki Kato ◽  
Tadahiro Hashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Polarized Light Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Imaging Cytometry ◽  
Acidic Organelles

Background: We previously discovered that renal macrophages (Mφs) phagocytose renal calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals. This study investigated the processing of engulfed crystals using in vitro models. Methods: J774.1 mouse Mφs were exposed to COM crystals and observed for 24 h using polarized light microscopy with/without cytochalasin B (CB), an inhibitor of phagocytosis, to confirm active crystal phagocytosis. LysoTracker and immunohistochemical staining using transmission electron microscopy for lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 were used to confirm engulfed COM crystal uptake into lysosomes. Diachronic tracking of specific Mφs was performed to capture the entire course of engulfed COM crystal processing using polarized light microscopy. Follow-up studies of fluorescent COM (f-COM) crystals using imaging cytometry were performed in the presence and absence of nigericin to dissipate the pH gradient in acidic organelles. Results: Phagocytosis rates increased with COM density and were significantly lower in cells treated with CB (p < 0.01). We observed that engulfed crystals colocalized within lysosomes of the Mφs; moreover, diachronic observation indicated that the engulfed COM crystals were subdivided during Mφ division and eliminated by the 7th day of culture. Additionally, imaging cytometry showed that the fluorescence level of f-COM crystals in the nigericin (–) group after 48 h was significantly lower than that in the nigericin (+) group. Conclusions: This study confirmed active phagocytosis and lysosomal processing of engulfed COM crystals by Mφs. This discovery is expected to contribute to the development of future drugs that enhance the COM crystal phagocytic ability of Mφs.

Tensile, Flexural and Compressive Strength Studies on Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Urinary Stone

2012 ◽  
Vol 584 ◽  
pp. 494-498
Author(s):  
Abdul Rasheed Mohamed Ali ◽  
Narayanasamy Arunai Nambi Raj
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Laser Lithotripsy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction

Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) is the primary constituent of the majority of stones formed in the urinary tract. Mechanical properties of renal calculi dictate how a stone interact and disintegrate with mechanical forces produced by shock wave and laser lithotripsy techniques. Tensile stresses may be more effective in some instances in disrupting material because most materials are weaker in tension than compression. Urinary stone containing COM as a major component was subjected to tensile, flexural and compressive strength studies in order to understand its mechanical properties in vitro. The calculated tensile breaking strength for the urinary stone from three tests varies from 0.57 MNm-2 to 1.52 MNm-2. The flexural strength and the flexural modulus of the urinary stone were calculated as 5.17 MNm-2 and 2.22 GNm-2 respectively while the observed compressive strength was 6.11 MNm-2. The chemical composition and the crystalline nature of the stone were verified using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.

scholarly journals Composition and Morphology of Nanocrystals in Urines of Lithogenic Patients and Healthy Persons

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-Song Gui ◽  
Rong Xie ◽  
Xiu-Qiong Yao ◽  
Mei-Ru Li ◽  
Jian-Ming Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Healthy Persons ◽  
Healthy Urine

The composition and morphology of nanocrystals in urines of healthy persons and lithogenic patients were comparatively investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was shown that the main composition of urinary nanocrystals in healthy persons were calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), uric acid, and ammonium magnesium phosphate (struvite). However, the main compositions of urinary nanocrystals in lithogenic patients were struvite,β-tricalcium phosphate, uric acid, COD, and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). According to the XRD data, the size of nanocrystals was calculated to be23∼72 nm in healthy urine and12∼118 nm in lithogenic urine by Scherer formula. TEM results showed that the nanocrystals in healthy urine were dispersive and uniform with a mean size of about 38 nm. In contrast, the nanocrystals in lithogenic urine were much aggregated with a mean size of about 55 nm. The results in this work indicated that the urinary stone formation may be prevented by diminishing the aggregation and the size differentiation of urinary nanocrystals by physical or chemical methods.

scholarly journals CT visible internal stone structure, but not Hounsfield unit value, of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) calculi predicts lithotripsy fragility in vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad A. Zarse ◽  
Tariq A. Hameed ◽  
Molly E. Jackson ◽  
Yuri A. Pishchalnikov ◽  
James E. Lingeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Unit Value

scholarly journals IN VITRO MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF CALCIUM OXALATE MONOHYDRATE CRYSTALS GROWTH PATTERNS

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Salman Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hasan ◽  
Zafar Alam Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Growth Patterns

scholarly journals Time Changes in the Spectrum of Urinary Stone Composition: A Role for Climate Variations?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Trinchieri ◽  
Alessandro Maletta ◽  
Giovanni Simonelli ◽  
Luca Boeri ◽  
Elisa De Lorenzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
Time Changes

Abstract Introduction: An increase of the frequency of uric acid urinary stones compared to calcium-containing ones has been recently described. This study was aimed at assessing the frequency of different types of urinary stones in the population of northern Italy in the period 2016-18 compared to 2001-2003. Materials and Methods: Analyses by infrared spectroscopy of 1007 stones endoscopically removed at two institutions in the area of Milan (Northern Italy) were retrospectively considered. Stones were classified as calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and dihydrate (COD), mixed uric acid/calcium oxalate (UC); uric acid (UA), struvite (ST); apatite (CAP); mixed calcium oxalate / apatite (CAPOX); others. The patients were divided into two groups: 2001-2003 and 2016-2018. The average temperature values of the region over the two time periods were obtained by the national statistical institute. Results: The average age of the 2001-2003 group (45.8+/-15.4 years) was significantly lower than the average age of the 2016-18 group (57.9+/-14.8) (0.000). M / F ratio was similar in the two groups: 119 / 69 (1:0.58) in 2001-2003 MI and 527 / 292 (1:0.55) in 2016-18 (p = 0.862). COM stones tended to more frequent in 2016-18 group than in 2001-03. COD stones were significantly more frequent in 2001-03 than in 2016-18. ST stone frequency was increased from 2001-03 to 2016-18. No increase of uric acid containing stones was observed in 2016-18. Results were confirmed after adjustment by age. Averages annual regional temperatures increased from 14° C to 15.4° C during the two observation periods. Conclusions: No increase of UA stones was observed, probably due to the limited impact of the global warming in our temperate climate.

scholarly journals Effect of Climate on Time Changes in the Spectrum of Urinary Stone Composition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Trinchieri ◽  
Alessandro Maletta ◽  
Giovanni Simonelli ◽  
Luca Boeri ◽  
Elisa De Lorenzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Time Changes

Abstract Background: An increase of the frequency of uric acid urinary stones compared to calcium-containing ones has been recently described. This study was aimed at assessing the frequency of different types of urinary stones in the population of northern Italy in the period 2016-18 compared to 2001-2003.Methods: Analyses by infrared spectroscopy of 1007 stones endoscopically removed at two institutions in the area of Milan (Northern Italy) were retrospectively considered. Stones were classified as calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and dihydrate (COD), mixed uric acid/calcium oxalate (UC); uric acid (UA), struvite (ST); apatite (CAP); mixed calcium oxalate / apatite (CAPOX); others. The patients were divided into two groups: 2001-2003 and 2016-2018. The average temperature values of the region over the two time periods were obtained by the national statistical institute.Results: The average age of the 2001-2003 group (45.8+/-15.4 years) was significantly lower than the average age of the 2016-18 group (57.9+/-14.8) (0.000). M / F ratio was similar in the two groups: 119 / 69 (1:0.58) in 2001-2003 and 527 / 292 (1:0.55) in 2016-18 (p = 0.862). COM stones tended to more frequent in 2016-18 group than in 2001-03. COD stones were significantly more frequent in 2001-03 than in 2016-18. ST stone frequency was increased from 2001-03 to 2016-18. No increase of uric acid containing stones was observed in 2016-18. Results were confirmed after adjustment by age. Averages annual regional temperatures increased from 14° C to 15.4° C during the two observation periods.Conclusions: No increase of UA stones was observed, probably due to the limited impact of the global warming in our temperate climate.

1791: Internal Stone Structure Viewed by Computed Tomography (CT) in Vitro Predicts Lithotripsy Fragility for Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate (COM) Calculi

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 595-595
Author(s):  
Chad A. Zarse ◽  
Tariq Hameed ◽  
Molly E. Jackson ◽  
Yuri A. Pishchalnikov ◽  
James E. Lingeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate
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