scholarly journals CT visible internal stone structure, but not Hounsfield unit value, of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) calculi predicts lithotripsy fragility in vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad A. Zarse ◽  
Tariq A. Hameed ◽  
Molly E. Jackson ◽  
Yuri A. Pishchalnikov ◽  
James E. Lingeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Unit Value

POD-02.04: CT visible internal stone structure—but not Hounsfield unit value—of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) calculi predicts lithotripsy fragility in vitro

Urology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
J.C. Williams ◽  
C.A. Zarse ◽  
T.A. Hameed ◽  
M.E. Jackson ◽  
Y.A. Pishchalnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Unit Value

scholarly journals Active Phagocytosis and Diachronic Processing of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystals in an in vitro Macrophage Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1014-1025
Author(s):  
Atsushi Okada ◽  
Hiromasa Aoki ◽  
Daichi Onozato ◽  
Taiki Kato ◽  
Tadahiro Hashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Polarized Light Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Imaging Cytometry ◽  
Acidic Organelles

Background: We previously discovered that renal macrophages (Mφs) phagocytose renal calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals. This study investigated the processing of engulfed crystals using in vitro models. Methods: J774.1 mouse Mφs were exposed to COM crystals and observed for 24 h using polarized light microscopy with/without cytochalasin B (CB), an inhibitor of phagocytosis, to confirm active crystal phagocytosis. LysoTracker and immunohistochemical staining using transmission electron microscopy for lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 were used to confirm engulfed COM crystal uptake into lysosomes. Diachronic tracking of specific Mφs was performed to capture the entire course of engulfed COM crystal processing using polarized light microscopy. Follow-up studies of fluorescent COM (f-COM) crystals using imaging cytometry were performed in the presence and absence of nigericin to dissipate the pH gradient in acidic organelles. Results: Phagocytosis rates increased with COM density and were significantly lower in cells treated with CB (p < 0.01). We observed that engulfed crystals colocalized within lysosomes of the Mφs; moreover, diachronic observation indicated that the engulfed COM crystals were subdivided during Mφ division and eliminated by the 7th day of culture. Additionally, imaging cytometry showed that the fluorescence level of f-COM crystals in the nigericin (–) group after 48 h was significantly lower than that in the nigericin (+) group. Conclusions: This study confirmed active phagocytosis and lysosomal processing of engulfed COM crystals by Mφs. This discovery is expected to contribute to the development of future drugs that enhance the COM crystal phagocytic ability of Mφs.

Tensile, Flexural and Compressive Strength Studies on Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Urinary Stone

2012 ◽  
Vol 584 ◽  
pp. 494-498
Author(s):  
Abdul Rasheed Mohamed Ali ◽  
Narayanasamy Arunai Nambi Raj
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Laser Lithotripsy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction

Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) is the primary constituent of the majority of stones formed in the urinary tract. Mechanical properties of renal calculi dictate how a stone interact and disintegrate with mechanical forces produced by shock wave and laser lithotripsy techniques. Tensile stresses may be more effective in some instances in disrupting material because most materials are weaker in tension than compression. Urinary stone containing COM as a major component was subjected to tensile, flexural and compressive strength studies in order to understand its mechanical properties in vitro. The calculated tensile breaking strength for the urinary stone from three tests varies from 0.57 MNm-2 to 1.52 MNm-2. The flexural strength and the flexural modulus of the urinary stone were calculated as 5.17 MNm-2 and 2.22 GNm-2 respectively while the observed compressive strength was 6.11 MNm-2. The chemical composition and the crystalline nature of the stone were verified using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.

scholarly journals IN VITRO MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF CALCIUM OXALATE MONOHYDRATE CRYSTALS GROWTH PATTERNS

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Salman Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hasan ◽  
Zafar Alam Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Growth Patterns

1791: Internal Stone Structure Viewed by Computed Tomography (CT) in Vitro Predicts Lithotripsy Fragility for Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate (COM) Calculi

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 595-595
Author(s):  
Chad A. Zarse ◽  
Tariq Hameed ◽  
Molly E. Jackson ◽  
Yuri A. Pishchalnikov ◽  
James E. Lingeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate

Evidence that Uric Acid Abolishes Citrate-Mediated Inhibition of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Agglomeration in Vitro

1994 ◽  
pp. 275-279
Author(s):  
S. M. Volta ◽  
E. E. Fradinger ◽  
C. E. Bogado ◽  
J. R. Zanchetta
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate

Inhibition of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal aggregation by urine proteins

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. F99-F106 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hess ◽  
Y. Nakagawa ◽  
F. L. Coe
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Crystal Aggregation ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Aggregation Inhibitors ◽  
Normal Urine

Normal urine inhibits both the growth and the aggregation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals but the molecules that inhibit aggregation are not well defined. We have developed a spectrophotometric assay method to measure the aggregation of COM crystals in vitro under conditions that avoid simultaneous crystal growth. At pH 7.2 and 90 mM NaCl, Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) and nephrocalcin (NC), a major urinary inhibitor of COM crystal growth, inhibit COM crystal aggregation at concentrations as low as 2 X 10(-9) and 1 X 10(-8) M, respectively. When increasing NaCl to 270 mM or lowering pH to 5.7, inhibition by both glycoproteins, but more markedly by THP, is decreased. Urinary NC from calcium oxalate renal stone formers (SF NC) and NC isolated from calcium oxalate renal stones (stone NC) both inhibit COM crystal aggregation 10-fold less than NC from normal urine. Citrate is ineffective even at millimolar concentrations. Thus THP and NC are two major inhibitors of COM crystal aggregation in normal urine; SF NC and stone NC are defective aggregation inhibitors.

scholarly journals Modulation of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallization kinetics in vitro

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dik J. Kok ◽  
Socrates E. Papafoulos ◽  
Leo J.M.J. Blomen ◽  
Olav L.M. Bijvoet
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate

311 Active phagocytosis and processing of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals in an in vitro macrophage model

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e311-e312
Author(s):  
A. Okada ◽  
T. Yasui ◽  
L. Zuo ◽  
K. Taguchi ◽  
Y. Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate

Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate-Monohydrate Association in Grape (Vitis Vinifera) Endosperm

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
Mary Alice Webb ◽  
Howard J. Arnott
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Characteristic Morphology ◽  
Oxalate Dihydrate

Calcium oxalate occurs in two forms, monohydrate (whewellite) and dihydrate (weddelite). Both forms occur intracellularly in plants, typically within vacuoles. In particular plant species a given tissue usually has crystals with specific and characteristic morphology. The occurrence of calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate together in the same cell is thought to be extremely rare and has been reported only in Allium and Begonia. In vitro the dihydrate is unstable under certain conditions and may dissolve and reprecipitate as the monohydrate. In this paper we report observations of crystals isolated from grape (Vitis vinifera) endosperm. Using optical methods both calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate, as well as dihydratemonohydrate associations, have been identified.

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