FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX TABLET OF LORNOXICAM BY DIRECT COMPRESSION METHOD

The aim of the present work was to develop sustained release Lornoxicam matrix tablets with polymers like HPMC K15M, Ethyl cellulose, and Crospovidone as carriers in varying quantities. Direct compression was used to make matrix tablets. Various assessment parameters, such as hardness, friability, thickness, percent drug content, weight variation, and so on, were applied to the prepared formulations. In vitro dissolution studies were carried out for 24 hrs. The tablets were subjected to in-vitro drug release in (pH 1.2) for first 2 hrs. Then followed by (pH 6.8) phosphate buffer for next 22 hrs. And the results showed that among the six formulations FL3 showed good dissolution profile to control the drug release respectively. The drug and polymer compatibility were tested using FT-IR spectroscopy, which revealed that the drug was compatible with all polymers. It is also required to design an appropriate prolonged release formulation for Lornoxicam in order to maintain the drug's release. Hence by using the compatible polymers sustained release tablets were formulated and subjected for various types of evaluation parameters like friability, hardness, drug content and dissolution behaviour. Finally, the findings reveal that the prepared sustained release matrix tablets of lornoxicam have improved efficacy and patient compliance.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF NILITANDULIYADI LEHA IN PARACETAMOL INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS

Background: Paracetamol toxicity is currently the single most important cause for acute liver failure and is associated with significant number of deaths. Nilitanduliyadi leha is one among the formulation explained in the context of Vishahara yogas (anti-poisonous formulations) in the text Vishavaidya Jyotsnika. Objectives: To experimentally evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of nilitanduliyadi leha in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Methods: Albino Wistar rats of either sex weighing 200 – 250, g were selected and divided into four groups of six animals in each group (n = 6). Treatment was given for 7 days. Blood was drawn and sent for tests and important organs like liver and kidney were dissected out, cleaned to remove extraneous tissues, blotted to remove blood stain and weighed. A piece of liver tissue was preserved in 10% formalin for histopathological processing. Results: The formulation has helped in balancing the biochemical parameters studied almost as efficiently as the standard drug. In the antioxidant study also, the drug has given good results and shows even slightly more effective than the standard drug. The histopathology study also reveals mild protection and regeneration of tissues by the effect of test drug. Conclusion: This present study proves that the formulation is having a comparable hepato protective activity with that of silymarin.

EFFECT OF KSHEERBALA TAILA NASYA IN MIGRAINE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE ARDHAVABHEDAK: A LITERARY REVIEW

Migraine is a neurological disorder that is frequently characterized by intense and debilitating headaches. According to the records, Migraine tends to affect people aged 15 to 55 years and the extreme pain or headache can last for hours or even days. Migraine is the third most prevalant and 7thleading cause of disability worldwide. There is no direct reference of Migraine in Ayurveda, but signs and symptoms of migraine can be co-related with Shiroroga, one of which is Ardhavabhedak. In Ayurveda, Nasyakarma plays a very important role in the management of Urdhvajatrugat Vikara. Thus an attempt has been made to evaluate the probable efficacy of polyherbal formulation Ksheerbala Taila in Ardhavabhedak.

ARKA LAVANA THE FORMULATION OF UPAVISHA ARKA (CALOTROPIS PROCERA AIT. R. BR.): AN ANALYTICAL PROFILE

Lavana kalpana is one of the most commonly used dosage forms because of its easy administration and dosing. Arka lavana is a herbo mineral preparation containing Upavisha Arka (Calotropis procera) and Saindhava lavana. It is used in the management of Yakrit pleeha, Udara and Gulma roga. As it contains Upavisha, standardization becomes necessary to keep up its therapeutic efficacy. In this study an attempt has been made to find out the authenticity of the raw drugs, to prepare and analyse Arka lavana to set the preliminary standards for the same. Arka lavana was prepared as per the reference of Bhaishajya ratnavali. The analytical study was carried out in terms of organoleptic, physicochemical and TLC evaluation and results were noted. The pharmaceutical and analytical results can be used as reference standard for quality assurance and standardization of Arka lavana for further study.

KESHARANJANA YOGA IN BHAISHAJYA RATNAVALI: A REVIEW

Bhaishajya Ratnavali by Kaviraj Govinda Das Sen of 18th century is an authentic book of Ayurveda science includes systematic description of diseases along with treatment aspects. Under Kshudraroga Chikitsa Prakarana, detailed information regarding kesharanjana has been explained with description of kesharanjana yoga. This article mainly focuses on the kesharanjana yoga mentioned in this book for better nourishment and coloring of hair. Review on kesharanjana yoga mentioned in Bhaishajya Ratnavali was analyzed and summarized for better usage and understanding. Initially author explains few preparations to apply as lepa (application) over scalp or hairs and later nasya (inhalation therapy) procedure for hair care. Most of the drugs used are rasayana (immune modulator) in nature and has keshya (hair tonic) property which forms the prime factor in using these drugs. Direct application as lepa and also nasya procedure would help in better nourishment and also proper growth of hair. Owing to the properties of drugs used for the preparations which are useful in many conditions of hair problems. By following these yogas and with proper pathya one can get benefited from khalitya, palitya, and other conditions of hair.

PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL PROFILE OF ARKA KSHARA THE FORMULATION OF UPAVISHA ARKA (CALOTROPIS PROCERA AIT. R. BR)

Analytical study of Ayurvedic formulation is the need of present scientific era. Though the Ayurvedic drugs are time tested and have been used successfully in the management of various ailments, it is now necessary to prove their quality, efficacy and safety to the scientific world through various parameters. Agadtantra is a branch of Ayurveda dealing with classification, mode of action, clinical manifestations and treatment of various poisons. Arka (Calotropis procera) is included in Upavisha by Rasatarangini. Arka Kshara is an alkaline preparation of Upavisha Arka (Calotropis procera) described in treating many disorders. Till date no data is available regarding analytical profile of Arka Kshara. So, the present study is planned to prepare Arka Kshara and develop its analytical profile. These findings will be useful in establishing quality control standards and standardization of Arka Kshara in future.

STANDARDIZATION OF SNUHI KSHARA THE FORMULATION OF UPAVISHA SNUHI (EUPHORBIA NERIIFOLIA LINN.): A PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL PROFILE

Snuhi (Euphorbia neriifolia Linn.) and its compound formulations are widely used in Ayurvedic classics to treat variety of disease conditions. Information pertaining to the formulations of Snuhi can be traced in various classical texts, under different chapters. In most of the formulations it is used as an ingredient. Snuhi Kshara is a single drug formulation of Upavisha Snuhi mentioned in Rasatarangini and Ayurvedsarasangraha. Kshara obtained from Snuhi is one of its dosage modifications, advocated in classics for therapeutic objectives. Very few attempts are made to formulate Snuhi Kshara. The present work has been carried out to provide the Standard Manufacturing Process and a systematic standardization profile for Snuhi Kshara. Snuhi Kshara was prepared according to procedure described in Sharangadhara Samhita followed by analytical standardisation. Standardization was done using guidelines of API, by employing tests like organoleptic (Colour, Odour, Taste), physicochemical (Loss on drying, Acid-insoluble ash, pH), Assay (Sodium, Potassium, Iron) and Thin Layer Chromatography. Findings of this work may enrich to documentary research as well as act as detailed scientific data about standardization of Snuhi Kshara for further studies.

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF MEFENAMIC ACID AND DICYCLOMINE HYDROCHLORIDE AS ORAL DISINTEGRATING TABLET BY DIRECT COMPRESSION METHOD

A new dosage form, Oral disintegrating tablets (ODT’s) as a replacement to conventional oral dosage forms. ODT’s are dosage forms they disintegrate in mouth offering various advantages such as better mouth feel, dose accuracy, improved stability and convenient dosing as compared to oral liquids. So, there is need to designed oral disintegrating tablet to release the medicaments with an enhanced rate. Mefenamic acid is an anti- inflammatory drug while Dicyclomine HCl is anti-cholinergic drug. The combination of Mefenamic acid & Dicyclomine HCl controls pain very effectively, also relaxes bodily spasm which commonly arises during menstruation or intestinal colic spasm. This combination gives the quick onset of action and fast relief than conventional dosage form. For preparation of oral disintegrating tablet nine formulations were designed using Croscarmellose sodium and Crospovidone as superdisintegrants in varying concentration. All the formulations were prepared by direct compression method. Thus, all the formulations of Mefenamic acid and Dicyclomine HCl oral disintegrating tablets were investigated, in which F9 formulation was optimized. The % drug release of, Oral disintegrating tablet batch F9 has shown 96.98% of Mefenamic acid and 94.02 % of Dicyclomine HCl in 18 min, disintegration time in 40 sec and wetting time in 25sec.

SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION: ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF INFECTED POULTRY AND EFFICACY OF TREATMENT WITH KHAYA GRANDIFOLIOLA EXTRACT

Salmonella infections remain one of the major health problems in both poultry farming and human medicine. In addition, resistance to Salmonella has emerged as a global health problem in both sectors. The present study aimed at evaluating the in vivo antisalmonellal and antioxidant activities of 95° ethanol extract of Khaya grandifoliola using broiler chickens as animal model. Animals were divided into the normal control group, negative control group, positive control group and three test groups treated with the extract at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg respectively. The antioxidant status of broiler chickens was also evaluated by measuring the concentration of enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and biochemical markers (malondialdehyde and nitric oxide). The results showed that infected animals treated with the Khaya grandifoliola extract at 40 mg/kg recovered on day 11 after the beginning of the treatment and on day 13 for those treated at the 10 and 20 mg/kg. The antioxidant assay showed that the infection led to the reduction of enzymatic markers in the body of infected animals, while the treatment increases such makers. The infection resulted in a significant increase in serum and pulmonary malondialdehyde. It also caused a significant decrease in cardiac and pulmonary nitric oxide whereas the treatment depending on the doses of the extract tends to normalize these biochemical markers. The overall results showed that Khaya grandifoliola extract can be successfully used in the treatment of avian salmonellosis as well as the management of the oxidative stress caused by the infection.

DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FLUCONAZOLE MICROEMULSION FORMULATED WITH LEMONGRASS OIL

The goal of the current investigation is to formulate Fluconazole loaded microemulsion (ME) with Lemongrass oil for deeper skin penetration and to obtain the dual benefit of drug and oil combination to improve antifungal efficacy of a drug with a reduced dose. We developed a Pseudo ternary phase diagram to identify the microemulsion zone by using the oil (clove oil), surfactant (Tween 20 and Tween 80), and co-surfactant (Propylene glycol) by water titration method. We formulated six different formulations (LM1 – LM6) by changing the oil/surfactant and cosurfactant ratio. The developed microemulsion formulation was characterized for various parameters % Transmittance, viscosity, pH, drug content, surface morphology, zeta potential, and in-vitro drug release study. The optimized microemulsion emulsion formulation is further converted into Microemulgel by dispersing the ME into 2% w/v Carbapol gel (LM-G) and further evaluated for various parameters. The antifungal efficacy was carried out for ME and Microemulgel by diffusion method against Candida albicans (MTCC no: 227) and compared with marketed gel which showed LM and LM-G have a better antifungal effect than marketed product, proved that the synergistic effect could be achieved by both clove oil and fluconazole drug by microemulsion formulation with deeper skin penetration effect.