A Simple Test | ScienceGate

Abstract To be better prepared to use laser based failure isolation techniques on field failures of complex integrated circuits, simple test structures without any failures can be used to study Optical Beam Induced Resistance Change (OBIRCH) results. In this article, four case studies are presented on the following test structures: metal strap, contact string, VIA string, and comb test structure. Several experiments were done to investigate why an OBIRCH image was seen in certain areas of a VIA string and not in others. One experiment showed the OBRICH variation was not related to the cooling and heating effects of the topology, or laser beam focusing. A 4 point probe resistance measurement and cross-sectional views correlated with the OBIRCH results and proved OBIRCH was able to detect a variation in VIA fabrication.

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4. A Simple Test for Detecting the Nutrient Needs of Corn Plants 1

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1926.00021962001800010006x ◽

1926 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 29-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. N. Hoffer

Keyword(s):

Simple Test ◽

Corn Plants

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A simple test for monitoring biodegradable industrial pollution in a receiving stream

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0660 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 39 (10-11) ◽

pp. 221-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jana Zagorc-Končan ◽

J. Šömen

Keyword(s):

Hazard Assessment ◽

Industrial Pollution ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Organic Pollution ◽

Organic Substances ◽

Simple Test ◽

Industrial Pollutants ◽

Model Substances ◽

Receiving Stream

Microbial purification capacity is an important factor in natural self-regulation in water. Evaluating the fate of biodegradable organic pollution downstream from the discharge seems an appropriate way to follow the effect of pollution and its hazard assessment, which dictates the needed sanitation measures. We suggest a simple test for such monitoring. A modification of the additional oxygen demand test, standardised in Ausgewählte Methoden der Wasseruntersuchung, was applied in two river case studies. The additional oxygen demand is a measure of the capability and rate of biodegradation of known organic substance as well as of the amount and activity of heterotrophic organisms in the river. The original test using peptone and glucose as additional feedings of BOD samples was modified by the use of other organic biodegradable model substances characteristic for individual industrial pollutants. The test was found to be an excellent indicator of adapted microorganisms, which are essential for the biodegradation of the appointed organic substances downstream of their discharge into the receiving stream.

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