Temporal Aspects of Information Processing in Areas V1 and V2 of the Macaque Monkey

1994 ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Nowak ◽  
M. H. J. Munk ◽  
N. Chounlamountri ◽  
J. Bullier
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Temporal Aspects

Computational Diversity in a Formal Model of the Insect Olfactory Macroglomerulus

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Linster ◽  
C. Masson ◽  
M. Kerszberg ◽  
L. Personnaz ◽  
G. Dreyfus
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Olfactory Information ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Stochastic Parameters ◽  
Formal Network ◽  
Random Connectivity

We present a model of the specialist olfactory system of selected moth species and the cockroach. The model is built in a semirandom fashion, constrained by biological (physiological and anatomical) data. We propose a classification of the response patterns of individual neurons, based on the temporal aspects of the observed responses. Among the observations made in our simulations a number relate to data about olfactory information processing reported in the literature; others may serve as predictions and as guidelines for further investigations. We discuss the effect of the stochastic parameters of the model on the observed model behavior and on the ability of the model to extract features of the input stimulation. We conclude that a formal network, built with random connectivity, can suffice to reproduce and to explain many aspects of olfactory information processing at the first level of the specialist olfactory system of insects.

Temporal aspects of information processing in the first two stages of the frog olfactory system: influence of stimulus intensity

1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Duchamp-Viret ◽  
André Duchamp ◽  
Michel Vigouroux
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Two Stages

scholarly journals Gaze direction as equilibrium: more evidence from spatial and temporal aspects of small-saccade triggering in the rhesus macaque monkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 308-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziad M. Hafed ◽  
Laurent Goffart
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Rhesus Macaque ◽  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Lower Visual Field ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Small Saccade ◽  
Rhesus Macaque Monkey

Rigorous behavioral studies made in human subjects have shown that small-eccentricity target displacements are associated with increased saccadic reaction times, but the reasons for this remain unclear. Before characterizing the neurophysiological foundations underlying this relationship between the spatial and temporal aspects of saccades, we tested the triggering of small saccades in the male rhesus macaque monkey. We also compared our results to those obtained in human subjects, both from the existing literature and through our own additional measurements. Using a variety of behavioral tasks exercising visual and nonvisual guidance of small saccades, we found that small saccades consistently require more time than larger saccades to be triggered in the nonhuman primate, even in the absence of any visual guidance and when valid advance information about the saccade landing position is available. We also found a strong asymmetry in the reaction times of small upper versus lower visual field visually guided saccades, a phenomenon that has not been described before for small saccades, even in humans. Following the suggestion that an eye movement is not initiated as long as the visuo-oculomotor system is within a state of balance, in which opposing commands counterbalance each other, we propose that the longer reaction times are a signature of enhanced times needed to create the symmetry-breaking condition that puts downstream premotor neurons into a push-pull regime necessary for rotating the eyeballs. Our results provide an important catalog of nonhuman primate oculomotor capabilities on the miniature scale, allowing concrete predictions on underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Leveraging a multitude of neurophysiological investigations in the rhesus macaque monkey, we generated and tested hypotheses about small-saccade latencies in this animal model. We found that small saccades always take longer, on average, than larger saccades to trigger, regardless of visual and cognitive context. Moreover, small downward saccades have the longest latencies overall. Our results provide an important documentation of oculomotor capabilities of an indispensable animal model for neuroscientific research in vision, cognition, and action.

scholarly journals Gaze direction as equilibrium: more evidence from spatial and temporal aspects of small-saccade triggering in the rhesus macaque monkey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziad M. Hafed ◽  
Laurent Goffart
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaque ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Oculomotor System ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Visual Guidance ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Small Saccade ◽  
Rhesus Macaque Monkey ◽  
Human Primate

AbstractRigorous behavioral studies made in human subjects have shown that small-eccentricity target displacements are associated with increased saccadic reaction times, but the reasons for this remain unclear. Before characterizing the neurophysiological foundations underlying this relationship between the spatial and temporal aspects of saccades, we tested the triggering of small saccades in the male rhesus macaque monkey. We also compared our results to those obtained in human subjects, both from the existing literature and through our own additional measurements. Using a variety of behavioral tasks exercising visual and non-visual guidance of small saccades, we found that small saccades consistently require more time than larger saccades to be triggered in the non-human primate, even in the absence of any visual guidance and when valid advance information about the saccade landing position is available. We also found a strong asymmetry in the reaction times of small upward versus downward visually-guided saccades, similar to larger saccades, a phenomenon that has not been described before for small saccades, even in humans. Following the suggestion that an eye movement is not initiated as long as the visuo-oculomotor system is within a state of balance, in which opposing commands counterbalance each other, we propose that the longer reaction times are a signature of enhanced times needed to create the symmetry-breaking condition that puts downstream premotor neurons into a push-pull regime necessary for rotating the eyeballs. Our results provide an important catalog of non-human primate oculomotor capabilities on the miniature scale, allowing concrete predictions on underlying neurophysiological mechanisms.

Modeling and investigation of some spatio-temporal aspects of visual information processing in the retinal neural network

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Faure ◽  
Ilya A. Rybak ◽  
Natalia A. Shevtsova ◽  
Alexander V. Golovan ◽  
Olga Cachard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Information Processing ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Investigating the Underlying Intelligence Mechanisms of the Biological Olfactory System

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinari Makino ◽  
Masafumi Yano
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Network System ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Olfactory Information ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
The Brain

The brain is the center of intelligence that biological systems have acquired during their evolutionary history. In unpredictably changing environments, animals use it to recognize the external world and to make appropriate behavioral decisions. Understanding the mechanisms underlying biological intelligence is important for the development of artificial intelligence. Olfaction is one of the sensory modalities that animals use to locate distant objects. Because of its relative simplicity compared with other sensory modalities and the wealth of knowledge at cellular, network, system, and psychophysical levels, it is possible that the biological olfactory system would be understood comprehensively. This paper reviews our biological and computational works with a focus on the temporal aspects of olfactory information processing. In addition, the paper highlights that the “time” dimension is essential for the functioning of the olfactory information processing system in the real world.

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