Analisis Pengaruh Jumlah Lubang Nozzle Injektor terhadap Torsi pada Pembesaran Piston Motor Matic Injection

Sistem injeksi merupakan teknologi yang dapat meningkatkan performa mesin dan efisiensi bahan bakar. Teknologi injeksi bahan bakar (Fuel Injection System) adalah teknologi yang mencampur bahan bakar dengan udara sebelum masuk ke ruang bakar, kemudian disemprotkan dengan tekanan tertentu. Nozzle injektor berperan penting dalam penyemprotan bahan bakar. Terdapat lubang pada ujung nozzle, lubang ini merupakan sarana untuk menginjeksi bahan bakar dengan cara pengabutan. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui perubahan torsi dan daya pada sepeda motor honda Beat FI tahun 2014 dengan pembesaran piston 0,75 mm pada jumlah lubang nozzle injektor dengan variasi lubang 4. 6 dan 8 dengan bahan bakar pertamax. Alat yang dilakukan untuk pengujian ini adalah dynotest. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan data berupa kurva dari nilai torsi dan daya pada masing-masing lubang nozzle injektor. Hasil dari penelitian ini mendapatkan torsi dan daya tertinggi pada nozzle injektor lubang 4 dengan torsi maksimum sebesar 6,95 ft-lbs dan daya maksimum sebesar 8,75 HP pada putaran mesin 6.610 rpm. Pada nozzle injektor lubang 6 didapatkan torsi maksimum sebesar 6,82 ft-lbs dan daya maksimum sebesar 8,31 HP pada putaran mesin 6.400 rpm, sedangkan pada injektor lubang 8 didapatkan torsi maksimum sebesar 5,94 ft-lbs dan daya maksimum sebesar 7,14 HP pada putaran mesin 6.310 rpm

Exposure of thermoplastics to methanol–gasoline blends: A material compatibility study

Alcohols are increasingly being looked upon as the most viable alternative to the conventional sources of energy. Methanol is the first member of the alcohol family and can be easily synthesized from syngas. It is an attractive blend to gasoline due to its advantageous properties. There is a necessity to make sure that the infrastructure is ready to adapt these alternative fuels. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess the degradation of widely used thermoplastics in fuel tanks, pipes, and the fuel injection system, namely, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), and high density polyethylene (HDPE) post exposure to methanol–gasoline blends (P100, M15, and M30) for a period of 4, 10, and 30 days. The effects of the exposure were examined by comparing changes in gain/loss of mass, hardness, elongation, and tensile strength. The surface morphology changes of the polymeric coupons were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and their elemental analysis was done by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The studied materials were found to gain mass in the order HDPE > PTFE >PET. The decrease in hardness was found to be more in HDPE followed by PTFE and PET. PTFE and PET showed reduction in strength but an increase in tensile strength was observed for HDPE post exposure to fuel blend. Highest change in elongation was found in HDPE followed by PTFE and PET. The changes were found to be the least in P100 followed by M15 and maximum in M30 blends for all immersion periods.

High intensity proton beam impact at 440 GeV/c on Mo and Cu coated CfC/graphite and SiC/SiC absorbers for beam intercepting devices

Beam Intercepting Devices (BIDs) are essential protection elements for the operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) complex. The LHC internal beam dump (LHC Target Dump Injection or LHC TDI) is the main protection BID of the LHC injection system; its main function is to protect LHC equipment in the event of a malfunction of the injection kicker magnets during beam transfer from the SPS to the LHC. Several issues with the TDI were encountered during LHC operation, most of them due to outgassing from its core components induced by electron cloud effects, which led to limitations of the injector intensity and hence had an impact on LHC availability. The absorbing cores of the TDIs, and of beam intercepting devices in general, need to deal with high thermo-mechanical loads induced by the high intensity particle beams. In addition, devices such as the TDI — where the absorbing materials are installed close to the beam, are important contributors to the accelerator impedance budget. To reduce impedance, the absorbing materials that make up the core must be typically coated with high electrical conductivity metals. Beam impact testing of the coated absorbers is a crucial element of development work to ensure their correct operation. In the work covered by this paper, the behaviour of several metal-coated absorber materials was investigated when exposed to high intensity and high energy proton beams in the HiRadMat facility at CERN. Different coating configurations based on copper and molybdenum, and absorbing materials such as isostatic graphite, Carbon Fibre Composite (CfC) and Silicon Carbide reinforced with Silicon Carbide fibres (SiC-SiC), were tested in the facility to assess the TDI's performance and to extract information for other BIDs using these materials. In addition to beam impact tests and an extensive Post Irradiation Examination (PIE) campaign to assess the performance of the coatings and the structural integrity of the substrates, extensive numerical simulations were carried out.

The effect of using different Biodiesel fuels on jet development in a Diesel engine

The fuel properties and the injection rate-shape play an important role in the improvement of the combustion process of Diesel engines. In this work, the influences of using the forthcoming renewable biodiesel fuels on fuel jet development utilizing a computer simulation model created with the AVL Hydsim software were studied. Biodiesel fuels B20, B30 and B100 were considered and compared with the original pure Diesel fuel D100. The injection system behaviour under research was that one existing on a tractor engine equipped with Delphi DP200 pump and Delphi injectors. Two engine speeds of 1400 rpm and 2400 rpm were considered representative for the engine operation. For these speeds, the fuel jet characteristics as penetration, spray cone angle and Sauter mean diameter were analyzed. It can emphasize that in similar conditions of needle lift and injection rate-shape variation the usage of biodiesel fuels does not significantly alter the injection pressure and the Sauter mean diameter. However, the specific physical properties of biodiesel fuels affect substantially the spray penetration and its cone angle.

Effects of working conditions on the operating characteristics of an injection system applied on CNG fueled vehicles

A model-based study is conducted to examine the operating characteristics of an injection system applied on CNG fueled vehicles. This injection system is a combination of an electric pressure regulator, a rail tube, and a solenoid injector. The electric pressure regulator has a great potential to be widely used in injection systems of natural gas-fueled engines due to its flexible operation, which can help to improve the engine performance and reduce emission. This paper presents a simulation study using mathematical models to describe and analyze the operating characteristics of the gaseous fuel injection system, in which models of electric pressure regulator, solenoid fuel injector, and control model for electric pressure regulator are presented. The simulation results are compared with experimental data to validate the simulation models. Effects of working conditions, including coil resistance of the electric pressure regulator, inlet gas pressure, and set pressure in the rail tube, on the operating characteristics of the gaseous fuel injection system are investigated. Simulation results show that when the coil resistance of the electric pressure regulator is increased from 3.1 Ω to 4.1 Ω, the maximum fluctuation of the controlled gas pressure in the rail tube is reduced from 0.017 to 0.012 MPa, respectively. By decreasing the inlet gas pressure of the electric pressure regulator from 2.5 to 2.3 MPa, the controlled gas pressure in the rail tube is more stable with the maximum fluctuation significantly reduced from 0.012 to 0.002 MPa, respectively, which leads to stability in injection flow rate. The increase of set pressure in the rail tube from 0.5 to 0.7 MPa can help to improve the stability of the controlled gas pressure in the rail tube with the maximum fluctuation respectively reduced from 0.002 to 0.001 MPa.

A Hybrid Taguchi-Regression Algorithm for a Fuel Injection Control System

The fuel injection system is one of the key components of an in-cylinder direct injection engine. Its performance directly affects the economy, power and emission of the engine. Previous research found that the Taguchi method can be used to optimize the fuel injection map and operation parameters of the injection system. The electronic control injector was able to steadily control the operation performance of a high-pressure fuel injection system, but its control was not accurate enough. This paper conducts an experimental analysis for the fuel injection quantity of DI injectors using the Taguchi-Regression approach, and provides a decision-making analysis to improve the design of electronic elements for the driving circuit. In order to develop a more stable and energy-saving driver, a functional experiment was carried out. The hybrid Taguchi-regression algorithm for injection quantity of a direct injection injector was examined to verify the feasibility of the proposed algorithm. This paper also introduces the development of a high-pressure fuel injection system and provides a new theoretical basis for optimizing the performance of an in-cylinder gasoline direct injection engine. Finally, a simulation study for the fuel injection control system was carried out under the environment of MATLAB/Simulink to validate the theoretical concepts.

Numerical Study of Evaporation Modelling for Different Fuels at High Operating Conditions in a Diesel Engine

A fuel injection system in a diesel engine has different processes that affect the complete burning of the fuel in the combustion chamber. These include the primary and secondary breakups of liquid fuel droplets and evaporation. In the present paper, evaporation of two different diesel fuels has been modelled numerically. Evaporation of n-heptane and n-decane is governed by the conservation equations of mass, energy, momentum, and species transport. Results have been plotted by varying the droplet diameter and temperature. It was observed that droplet size, temperature of droplets, and ambient temperature have notable effect on the evaporation time of diesel fuel droplets in the engine cylinder.