Lateral (Parasagittal) Fluid Percussion Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

2016 ◽  
pp. 231-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken C. Van ◽  
Bruce G. Lyeth
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Fluid Percussion

Hippocampal immediate early gene transcription in the rat fluid percussion traumatic brain injury model

Neuroreport ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 954-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingpeng Wang ◽  
Mustafa Q. Hameed ◽  
Sanjay N. Rakhade ◽  
Antonio H. Iglesias ◽  
Paul A. Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Immediate Early Gene ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Fluid Percussion ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury Model ◽  
Injury Model

scholarly journals Midline (central) fluid percussion model of traumatic brain injury in pediatric and adolescent rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel K. Rowe ◽  
Jordan L. Harrison ◽  
Timothy W. Ellis ◽  
P. David Adelson ◽  
Jonathan Lifshitz
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Fluid Percussion ◽  
Skull Size ◽  
Righting Reflex ◽  
Old Rats

OBJECTIVEExperimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) models hold significant validity to the human condition, with each model replicating a subset of clinical features and symptoms. TBI is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children and teenagers; thus, it is critical to develop preclinical models of these ages to test emerging treatments. Midline fluid percussion injury (FPI) might best represent mild and diffuse clinical brain injury because of the acute behavioral deficits, the late onset of behavioral morbidities, and the absence of gross histopathology. In this study, the authors sought to adapt a midline FPI to postnatal day (PND) 17 and 35 rats. The authors hypothesized that scaling the craniectomy size based on skull dimensions would result in a reproducible injury comparable to the standard midline FPI in adult rats.METHODSPND17 and PND35 rat skulls were measured, and trephines were scaled based on skull size. Custom trephines were made. Rats arrived on PND10 and were randomly assigned to one of 3 cohorts: PND17, PND35, and 2 months old. Rats were subjected to midline FPI, and the acute injury was characterized. The right reflex was recorded, injury-induced apnea was measured, injury-induced seizure was noted, and the brains were immediately examined for hematoma.RESULTSThe authors’ hypothesis was supported; scaling the trephines based on skull size led to a reproducible injury in the PND17 and PND35 rats that was comparable to the injury in a standard 2-month-old adult rat. The midline FPI suppressed the righting reflex in both the PND17 and PND35 rats. The injury induced apnea in PND17 rats that lasted significantly longer than that in PND35 and 2-month-old rats. The injury also induced seizures in 73% of PND17 rats compared with 9% of PND35 rats and 0% of 2-month-old rats. There was also a significant relationship between the righting reflex time and presence of seizure. Both PND17 and PND35 rats had visible hematomas with an intact dura, indicative of diffuse injury comparable to the injury observed in 2-month-old rats.CONCLUSIONSWith these procedures, it becomes possible to generate brain-injured juvenile rats (pediatric [PND17] and adolescent [PND35]) for studies of injury-induced pathophysiology and behavioral deficits, for which rational therapeutic interventions can be implemented.

Loss of forebrain cholinergic neurons following fluid-percussion injury: implications for cognitive impairment in closed head injury

1995 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Schmidt ◽  
M. Sean Grady
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Nucleus Basalis ◽  
Neuron Loss ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fluid Percussion ◽  
Concussive Injury ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Disturbances in memory, concentration, and problem solving are common after even mild to moderate traumatic brain injury. Because these functions are mediated in part by forebrain cholinergic and catecholaminergic innervation, in this study the authors sought to determine if experimental concussive injury produces detectable morphological damage to these systems. Fluid-percussion head injury, sufficient to cause a 13- to 14-minute loss of righting reflex, was produced in rats that had been anesthetized with halothane. Injury was delivered either at midline or 2 mm off midline and compared with appropriate sham-injured controls. After 11 to 15 days, the rat brains were stained in serial sections for choline acetyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine β-hydroxylase, acetylcholinesterase, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase. Cell counts were determined for the entire population of ventrobasal forebrain cholinergic cells. Midline injury produced a bilateral loss of cholinergic neurons averaging 36% in area Ch1 (medial septal nucleus), 45% in Ch2 (nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca), and 41% in Ch4 (nucleus basalis of Meynart), (p ≤ 0.05). Lateralized injury resulted in cholinergic neuron loss of similar magnitude ipsilaterally (p ≤ 0.05), but a smaller contralateral loss of between 11% and 28%. No loss of neurons was detected in the pontomesencephalic cholinergic groups Ch5 and Ch6. There was no visible effect of head injury on forebrain dopamine or noradrenergic innervation. A significant and apparently selective loss of ventrobasal forebrain cholinergic neurons following brief concussive injury in rats is demonstrated in this study. This type of injury is known to produce significant disturbance in cognitive tasks linked to neocortical and hippocampal cholinergic function. It remains to be determined how this neuron loss occurs, whether it can be prevented with neuroprotective agents, how it affects innervation in target tissues, and whether it occurs in human victims of traumatic brain injury.

The Up-Regulation of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel NaV1.6 Expression Following Fluid Percussion Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats

Neurosurgery ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1134-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Mao ◽  
Feng Jia ◽  
Xiao-hua Zhang ◽  
Yong-ming Qiu ◽  
Jian-wei Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Voltage Gated Sodium Channel ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Fluid Percussion
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