Experimental Models Combining Traumatic Brain Injury and Hypoxia

2016 ◽  
pp. 459-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P. Thelin
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Experimental Models

Sirtuins, a potential target in Traumatic Brain Injury and relevant experimental models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraja Ranadive ◽  
Devinder Arora ◽  
Madhavan Nampoothiri ◽  
Jayesh Mudgal
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Potential Target

scholarly journals Large animal models of stroke and traumatic brain injury as translational tools

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (2) ◽  
pp. R165-R190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel J. Sorby-Adams ◽  
Robert Vink ◽  
Renée J. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Large Animal Models ◽  
Significant Burden

Acute central nervous system injury, encompassing traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke, accounts for a significant burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Studies in animal models have greatly enhanced our understanding of the complex pathophysiology that underlies TBI and stroke and enabled the preclinical screening of over 1,000 novel therapeutic agents. Despite this, the translation of novel therapeutics from experimental models to clinical therapies has been extremely poor. One potential explanation for this poor clinical translation is the choice of experimental model, given that the majority of preclinical TBI and ischemic stroke studies have been conducted in small animals, such as rodents, which have small lissencephalic brains. However, the use of large animal species such as nonhuman primates, sheep, and pigs, which have large gyrencephalic human-like brains, may provide an avenue to improve clinical translation due to similarities in neuroanatomical structure when compared with widely adopted rodent models. This purpose of this review is to provide an overview of large animal models of TBI and ischemic stroke, including the surgical considerations, key benefits, and limitations of each approach.

Experimental Models of Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Ciaran S. Hill ◽  
Hiren C. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Experimental Models

Traumatic Brain Injury Elicits Similar Alterations in α7 Nicotinic Receptor Density in Two Different Experimental Models

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter-Georg Hoffmeister ◽  
Cornelius K. Donat ◽  
Martin U. Schuhmann ◽  
Cornelia Voigt ◽  
Bernd Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Nicotinic Receptor ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Receptor Density

scholarly journals The pathophysiology of repetitive concussive traumatic brain injury in experimental models; new developments and open questions

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Brody ◽  
Joseph Benetatos ◽  
Rachel E. Bennett ◽  
Kristen C. Klemenhagen ◽  
Christine L. Mac Donald
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Open Questions

New Directions in Research and Therapies in Traumatic Brain Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Johannes Thome ◽  
Dafin F Muresanu ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of disability and death and its incidence is rising in some specific populations. TBI can result in various disabilities, cognitive problems and psychiatric disorders, depending on the location of the injury and premorbid patient conditions. Effective pharmacological and surgical treatments, however, are currently limited. Most randomised clinical trials for TBI treatments carried out to date have failed to show significant benefits. Initiatives such as the TRACK-TBI have highlighted the large variability in TBI treatment quality at different hospitals and widely differing death rates. This stimulated the establishment of the International Initiative for TBI Research (InTIBR), which aims to improve disease characterisation and patient management. The development of effective treatments for TBI and their evaluation requires an understanding of the complex neuroregenerative processes that follow an injury. In the case of haematoma in TBI, decompressive craniectomy can be a life-saving intervention but must be performed rapidly. The neurotrophic agent, Cerebrolysin®, acts by mimicking neurotrophic factors (NTFs) and by stimulating the endogenous production of NTF in brain tissue. Experimental models show that this drug increases neurogenesis following TBI but these findings need to be converted into clinical practice. The potential of Cerebrolysin in TBI was demonstrated in a large retrospective cohort trial in Romania (n=7,769 adults). Cerebrolysin significantly improved Glasgow Outcome Scores (GOS) and respiratory distress (RDS) in patients with moderate or severe TBI at 10 and 30 days compared with controls. This and other experimental treatments have potential in TBI but, in developing such therapies, the design of clinical trials should closely reflect the reality of biological processes underlying natural recovery from brain injury.

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