New Security Attack and Defense Mechanisms Based on Negative Logic System and Its Applications

Bacteriophages (phages) and their preys are engaged in an evolutionary arms race driving the co-adaptation of their attack and defense mechanisms. In this context, phages have evolved diverse anti-CRISPR proteins to evade the bacterial CRISPR–Cas immune system, and propagate. Anti-CRISPR proteins do not share much resemblance with each other and with proteins of known function, which raises intriguing questions particularly relating to their modes of action. In recent years, there have been many structure–function studies shedding light on different CRISPR–Cas inhibition strategies. As the anti-CRISPR field of research is rapidly growing, it is opportune to review the current knowledge on these proteins, with particular emphasis on the molecular strategies deployed to inactivate distinct steps of CRISPR–Cas immunity. Anti-CRISPR proteins can be orthosteric or allosteric inhibitors of CRISPR–Cas machineries, as well as enzymes that irreversibly modify CRISPR–Cas components. This repertoire of CRISPR–Cas inhibition mechanisms will likely expand in the future, providing fundamental knowledge on phage–bacteria interactions and offering great perspectives for the development of biotechnological tools to fine-tune CRISPR–Cas-based gene edition.

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Attack and defense mechanisms of malicious EPC event injection in EPC discovery service

2013 IEEE International Conference on RFID-Technologies and Applications (RFID-TA) ◽

10.1109/rfid-ta.2013.6694532 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Su Mon Kywe ◽

Yingjiu Li ◽

Jie Shi

Keyword(s):

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Discovery Service ◽

Attack And Defense

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Wars between microbes on roots and fruits

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.10696.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 343 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Ben Lugtenberg ◽

Daniel E. Rozen ◽

Faina Kamilova

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Food Sources ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Attack And Defense

Microbes in nature often live in unfavorable conditions. To survive, they have to occupy niches close to food sources and efficiently utilize nutrients that are often present in very low concentrations. Moreover, they have to possess an arsenal of attack and defense mechanisms against competing bacteria. In this review, we will discuss strategies used by microbes to compete with each other in the rhizosphere and on fruits, with a focus on mechanisms of inter- and intra-species antagonism. Special attention will be paid to the recently discovered roles of volatile organic compounds. Several microbes with proven capabilities in the art of warfare are being applied in products used for the biological control of plant diseases, including post-harvest control of fruits and vegetables.

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The attack and defense mechanisms: Perspectives from behavioral economics and game theory

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19000815 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Subhasish M. Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Game Theory ◽

Behavioral Economics ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Experimental Designs ◽

Neuroscience Research ◽

Attack And Defense ◽

Economics Research

Abstract This commentary complements the article by De Dreu and Gross (2019) from the perspectives of behavioral economics and game theory. It aims to provide a bridge between psychology/neuroscience research and economics research in attack-and-defense by stipulating relevant literature, clarifying theoretical structures, and suggesting improvements in experimental designs and possible further investigations.

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