The local wireless environment has been the setting for the co-existence of licensed mobile communications operators and unlicensed WiFi Internet access providers. The IEEE802.11 family of standards, developed for WiFi services in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), has dominated standards-setting. However, the burgeoning demand for mobile access to the Internet has led to competition for space on the spectrum. Left unaddressed, this co-existence has created practical issues of potential territorial incursion, technical interference, and, ultimately, device underperformance and service degradation. The chapter focuses on the IEEE’s efforts to create a co-existence standard in a crowded and highly contested standards-making space. It shows how alternative standards-making organizational contexts, based on licensed spectrum standards traditions, were able to develop and insert co-existence standards for WiFi ahead of the IEEE initiative. The chapter explains how the IEEE developed its 802.11ax co-existence standard in this environment.
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