The 1920s and 1930s produced some of the most exciting and voluminous theology in Chinese history as Chinese leaders gained more prominence in churches, revival movements drew converts in, mission education began to provide a stream of theology graduates, and the Chinese Christian press expanded. The nature of “Chinese Christianity” was a prime source of reflection, but so too was the Chinese state itself and the nature of Christian duty to the nation. Chapter Two surveys the state of Chinese Christianity at the beginning of the twentieth century (considering the effects of internal church developments, anti-imperialism, Christian education, elite social responsibility, and the Anti-Christian movements), then explores the notion of theology as a collective publishing exercise, via a reading of Republican Christian journals.