Civil War Regiments

The regiment was the essential “building block” of Civil War armies. Assigned by states, most volunteer regiments were organized based on soldiers’ home residence and reflective of those local communities. Each branch of the army—infantry, artillery, and cavalry—formed into regiments with varying numbers of companies and overall strength. There were regular army regiments and units specially designated for African American troops. As the war dragged on, regimental strengths diminished dramatically. The Confederate Army tried to refill older units with conscripts and new recruits, while the Union created new regiments to replace depleted ones and later consolidated smaller ones. Neither side was entirely successful in restoring regiments to full authorized strength. Nonetheless, the regiment was more than a mode of organization—it was the prime source of identity and pride for volunteers and later veterans. While armies, divisions, and brigades were crucial to winning battles, and companies forged tight bonds of loyalty, it was the regiment to which most soldiers claimed a personal allegiance. Famed regiments like the 1st Minnesota Infantry Regiment, the 1st Texas Infantry Regiment, and the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment cited their battle honors and high casualty numbers as proof of their fighting prowess. After the war ended, veterans produced hundreds of regimental histories, recounting their battle service and seeking to claim a place in history. Although many historians dismiss these accounts as worthless for serious scholarly research, regimental histories offer rich firsthand accounts of the conflict. They also offer a vehicle for narrating the war in a form well familiar to the soldiers who experienced it.

BIOEFFICACY OF NANO NUTRIENTS (N, Zn & Cu) ON YIELD OF CAPSICUM

Vegetables are the prime source of vitamins and minerals. As the population increases there is also increase in demand for nutritional vegetables, but in the conventional method of horticulture the production and productivity is considerably less. Thus to increase the productivity and to feed the over burgeoning population there is a need for novel fertilizers such as Nano fertilizers. An experiment was hence conducted in Chinapettai village, Panruti to investigate the Bio-efficacy of Nano nutrients (Nano Nitrogen, Zinc and Copper) on growth and yield of Capsicum. The experiment was carried out in RBD design (Randomized block design) with three replications and ten treatments. Results showed that the treatment with 100% RD-N+100% RD-P + 100 % RD-K + Nano N + Nano Cu + Nano Zn followed by 100% RD-N +100% RD-P + 100 % RD-K + Nano N and 75% RD-N+100% RD-P + 100 % RD-K + Nano N + Nano Cu + Nano Zn recorded maximum growth and yield parameters. In contrast 50% RD-N + 100% RDP + 100 % RD-K + Nano N showed increase in yield than the control (100% RDF (-N: -P: -K)(250:150:150kg/ha)) to conclude that Nano nitrogen could have compensated the 50% urea recommendation in conventional fertilizer and also had enhanced effect than control.

ANYONE FOR A GAME OF MONOPOLY™?* A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE EVERINCREASING COMMERCIALIZATION OF MAJOR SPORTING EVENTS PART 2: EXAMINING THE LEGITIMACY OF THE CREATION AND MAINTENANCE OF COMMERCIALLY-DRIVEN MONOPOLIES IN SPORTS EVENTS

This is the second part of an article published in three parts that critically examines the commercial monopolisation of sporting mega-events such as the FIFA football World Cup, and of commercial rights protection of such events. The first part of this article contained mainly a descriptive overview of ambush marketing and of the legal and other measures available to event organisers and sponsors to combat such practices. This second (and the forthcoming third) part of the article will continue to critically evaluate the legitimacy of a prime source of protection for these commercial actors, namely anti-ambush marketing legislation, with a specific focus on the SouthAfrican jurisdiction and the 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa.

A Survey

Agriculture occupation has been the prime occupation in India since the primeval era. Nowadays, the country is ranked second in the prime occupations threatening global warming. Apart from this, diseases in plants are challenging to this prime source of livelihood. The present research can help in recognition of different diseases among plants and help to find out the solution or remedy that can be a defense mechanism in counter to the diseases. Finding diseases among plant DL is considered to the most perfect and exact paradigms. Four labels are classified as “bacterial spot,” “yellow leaf curl virus,” “late blight,” and “healthy leaf.” An exemplar model of the drone is also designed for the purpose. The said model will be utilized for a live report for extended large crop fields. In this exemplar drone model, a high-resolution camera is attached. The captured images of plants will act as software input. On this basis, the software will immediately tell which plants are healthy and which are diseased.

„Familien-Denkmal“ vs. „National Eigenthum“

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s personal library was a prime source of his literary and scientific writings, but has nonetheless found little attention in research. This study explains this disregard by examining the library as both “familial inheritance” (Erbe) and “cultural heritage” (Kulturerbe), two conflicting concepts that, nonetheless, both resulted in the monumentalization of the writer’s book collection. By turning Goethe’s library into a monument, the individual, telling histories of the books he owned, has often been overshadowed. Many books are associated with multiple owners and have gone through the hands of Goethe’s family, friends, and assistants. Against this background, provenance research allows us to gain new insights into Goethe’s works, reading and writing practices, as well as his stylization as a German national poet.

Probing UHECR production in Centaurus A using secondary neutrinos and gamma-rays

In this paper the production of neutrinos and photons by ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) interacting with the extragalactic background radiation is studied. Centaurus A is assumed as the prime source of UHECR and the possibility to identify this source by detecting the secondary neutrinos and photons produced in the propagation of UHECR is investigated. Fifteen astrophysical models regarding three extragalactic magnetic fields (EGMF) and five composition abundances are simulated. The flux and arrival direction of neutrinos and photons are investigated. It is shown that the detection of a signal from Cen A with statistical significance is achievable by current observatories in a few years and by proposed experiments in the near future. The dependence of the results on the models is also presented.

CRISPR Cas-9: A genome editing tool for the improvement of horticultural crops: A review

Horticultural crops, being a prime source of essential nutrients, staple food and foreign exchange for a large part of human population, exhibit a unique status among growers and consumers. Ever increasing population across the world and changing climate conditions are badly affecting food security. Urgent needed improvement of production and enhanced adaptation to changing environmental conditions of horticultural crops seems unlikely to be met by conventional breeding technologies. Fortunately, one of the modern molecular techniques namely “clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)” technology has opened a new window to genetically improve these crops. Employing CRISPR technology, many crops for instance tomato, potato, watermelon and grapes have been successfully genetically engineered in order to improve their nutritional value and enhance adaptability towards changing climates. In the same way, resistance against many potential diseases have been developed modifying the genetics of certain horticultural crops. In this mini review, we have briefly discussed the successful CRISPR-Cas9 based studies conducted in horticultural crops and tried to present valuable source for the horticulturists working on biotic and abiotic stresses.

THE CONCEPT OF STANYA DUSTI AND ITS ROLE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF EARLY INFANTILE AILMENTS -A CASE STUDY

Breast milk is the prime source of nourishment to a newborn baby. Breast milk improves the physical as well as mental strength and immunity of the baby. In Ayurveda unique concept of Stanya dusti or milk vi-tiation has been described in which mother food and activities affect the quality and quantity of milk. If mother indulges in unwholesome diet and lifestyle habits, then the milk gets vitiated and leads to various diseases in her baby. It shows that only treating the symptoms of baby is not enough. So, the treatment of vitiated breast milk is equally important. In Ayurveda certain herbs and formulations are specifically indi-cated for detoxifying the breast milk and improve the quality of milk and growth of the baby along with liberation of vitiated symptoms.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON RURAL FACILITIES AND AGRITOURISM

The aim of this dissertation was to diagnose the tendency of changes observed in the forms of information and promotion used by agricultural service providers and the sources of information preferred by tourists who rested in rural areas in 2001-2019. Moreover, the point of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of sources of information and promotion on rural facilities used by service providers in agritourism. The empiric studies handled by the author of the article as well as by other researches, data from different institutions and literature formed the basis for this article. A comparative analysis was used to perform the research. It should be noticed that, in every period of the study, the forms of promotion used by agricultural service providers failed to fully meet tourists’ needs and expectations. In 2003, service providers believed in printed materials such as leaflets, pamphlets and catalogues as a form of advertisement and promotion, whereas tourists chose their destination to stay and relax at a rural facility relying on word-of-mouth marketing from friends, family and acquaintances. In 2012 and 2019 both parties pointed out the website as a prime source of information and the recommendations of friends and family in second place. In every empiric period, exchanges, fairs, advertising in catalogues and pamphlets as well as information in press releases, adverts on the radio or commercials in television were more important for service providers than for tourists. In order to meet tourists’ expectations, farmers and village residents should take care of the standard and design of their websites. To gain knowledge and necessary help on that matter, service providers may get in touch with agricultural advisory services or representatives of agritourism associations.

General

When I set out to read the new complete English translation of Cassiodorus’ letters (the quotation is from the preface to Book 1, paragraphs 4–5), I certainly did not expect to be transported to the picket lines of the currently ongoing industrial action of the British University and College Union, and yet the overwhelming administrative workload and the avalanche of tasks that Cassiodorus describes have much in common with the academic pressures many are facing today. Nevertheless, Cassiodorus persevered and published many works, including a collection of no fewer than twelve books of letters, the latter in the middle of the eighteen-year Gothic War (536–54). He did not have to worry about his pension, though, as he was a scion of long line of wealthy and prominent property owners and aristocrats from Calabria and was himself a highly placed magistrate at the court of the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy. Cassiodorus was responsible for official state correspondence, and his letters are either written in the name of the Amal kings Theoderic, Amalasuntha, and Athalaric, or are appointments to public office, honorary titles, and legal and administrative decisions. They span thirty years of his career in administration and are a prime source for the political and social history of Italy in the sixth century ad.