Differentiation of Stem Cells into Cardiomyocyte Lineage: In Vitro Cell Culture, In Vivo Transplantation in Animal Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-121
Author(s):  
Sumira Malik ◽  
Archna Dhasmana
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
In Vitro Cell Culture

Differentiation of Stem Cells into Neuronal Lineage: In Vitro Cell Culture and In Vivo Transplantation in Animal Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-102
Author(s):  
Shahid S. Siddiqui ◽  
Khaled Aboshamat ◽  
Sivakumar Loganathan ◽  
Zeba K. Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
In Vitro Cell Culture ◽  
Neuronal Lineage

In Vivo Supportive Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Fat Graft Stabilization and Local Induction of Angiogenesis Are Not Dependent on the Cell Donor Age or In Vitro Cell Culture Duration

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 441-448
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Siennicka ◽  
Paweł Piotrowski ◽  
Wojciech Olszewski ◽  
Marta Gajewska ◽  
Sławomir Mazur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
Donor Age ◽  
Cell Donor ◽  
In Vitro Cell Culture ◽  
Culture Duration

scholarly journals Neuromuscular Development and Disease: Learning From in vitro and in vivo Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Fralish ◽  
Ethan M. Lotz ◽  
Taylor Chavez ◽  
Alastair Khodabukus ◽  
Nenad Bursac
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Small Animal Models

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialized cholinergic synaptic interface between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber that translates presynaptic electrical impulses into motor function. NMJ formation and maintenance require tightly regulated signaling and cellular communication among motor neurons, myogenic cells, and Schwann cells. Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) can result in loss of NMJ function and motor input leading to paralysis or even death. Although small animal models have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the NMJ structure and function, the complexities of studying this multi-tissue system in vivo and poor clinical outcomes of candidate therapies developed in small animal models has driven the need for in vitro models of functional human NMJ to complement animal studies. In this review, we discuss prevailing models of NMDs and highlight the current progress and ongoing challenges in developing human iPSC-derived (hiPSC) 3D cell culture models of functional NMJs. We first review in vivo development of motor neurons, skeletal muscle, Schwann cells, and the NMJ alongside current methods for directing the differentiation of relevant cell types from hiPSCs. We further compare the efficacy of modeling NMDs in animals and human cell culture systems in the context of five NMDs: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, and Pompe disease. Finally, we discuss further work necessary for hiPSC-derived NMJ models to function as effective personalized NMD platforms.

In vitro cell culture, platelet adhesion tests and in vivo implant tests of plasma-polymerized para-xylene films

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 456-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Man Chou ◽  
Chou-Ming Yeh ◽  
Chi-Jen Chung ◽  
Ju-Liang He
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
In Vitro Cell Culture ◽  
Implant Tests ◽  
Para Xylene

scholarly journals Determination of the Infectivity of Cryopreserved Theileria annu-lata Sporozoites in Tick Derived Stabilates Iran Ak-93 Strain, by In Vivo and In Vitro Methods

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein MODIRROUSTA ◽  
Gholamreza HABIBI ◽  
Parviz SHAYAN ◽  
Asghar AFSHARI ◽  
Ali MIRJALILI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Infected Cell ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Infected Cell Line ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
In Vitro Cell Culture ◽  
Microscopic Inspection

Background: The protozoan parasite Theileria annulata is the causative agent of tropical theileriosis in cattle. Vaccination is recommended by administration of attenuated schizont-infected cell lines. The expected protective immunity post-vaccination can be demonstrated by challenge test through inoculation of highly virulent infective sporozoites. The aim of this study was to produce Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum tick infected with T. annulata (local strain) for preparation of tick-derived sporozoite stabilates for molecular characterization and infectivity test assay. Methods: A local T. annulata strain was used for experimental infection of calves. A field isolate of H. a. anatolicum was isolated, laboratory-reared and infected by blood-feeding on Theileria infected above-mentioned calves. The infectivity of calf, tick and prepared stabilate were confirmed by clinical signs of theileriosis, microscopic inspection, RT-PCR and in vitro cell culture. Results: The tick stabilate was prepared and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. The infectivity of the tick stabilate was verified by in vivo bioassay, in vitro cell culture infection, microscopic inspection in salivary glands and RT-PCR assay. The in vitro produced cell line in this study was characterized by T. annulata Cytochrome b gene analyzing. Conclusion: The infectivity of a new prepared tick-derived sporozoite stabilate was confirmed in susceptible calves; by microscopically, post mortem, tick microscopic and molecular assays. Moreover, naïve PBMCs were transformed and proliferated by T. annulata infected tick stabilate to immortal T. annulata schizont infected cell line. The potent infective sporozoite tick derived stabilate could be used for vaccine efficacy and challenge test as well as in vaccine development.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of Clostridium septicum alpha toxoid

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Salvarani ◽  
Z.I.P. Lobato ◽  
R.A. Assis ◽  
C.G.R.D. Lima ◽  
R.O.S. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Alpha Toxin ◽  
Clostridium Septicum ◽  
Vaccine Potency

Aiming to investigate in vitro alternatives, a test for neutralizing antibody detection using cell culture was developed. This test was more sensitive than previous animal models, allowing for detection of substantially lower alpha toxin and anti-alpha toxin titers. Titers observed during in vivo and in vitro seroneutralization had a correlation of 99.12%, indicating that cell culture is a viable alternative in the evaluation of vaccine potency, screening of vaccinal seeds, and Clostridium septicum alpha toxin titration.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Tc-99m HL91 in Tumor Hypoxia: In Vitro Cell Culture and In Vivo Tumor Model

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi-Fang Lee ◽  
Nan-Tsing Chiu ◽  
Chien-Chung Hsia ◽  
Lie-Hang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Tumor Hypoxia ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
In Vitro Cell Culture

Partner telomeres during anaphase in crane-fly spermatocytes are connected by an elastic tether that exerts a backward force and resists poleward motion

2002 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 1541-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. LaFountain ◽  
Richard W. Cole ◽  
Conly L. Rieder
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Laser Microbeam ◽  
In Vitro Cell Culture ◽  
Pulling Forces ◽  
As If

As chromosomes move polewards during anaphase in crane-fly spermatocytes,trailing arms commonly stretch backwards for a brief time, as if tethered to their partners. To test that notion, a laser microbeam was used to sever trailing arms and thereby release telomere-containing arm segments (called acentric fragments because they lack kinetochores) from segregating chromosomes. Analysis of the movement of acentric fragments after their release provided clear evidence that previously conjoined partners were indeed tethered at their telomeres and that tethers exerted backward forces that were sufficient to move the fragment across the equator and into the opposite half-spindle. To address concerns that tethers might be artifacts of in vitro cell culture, spermatocytes were fixed in situ, and stretched arms within fixed cells provided strong evidence for tethers in vivo. The substantial resistance that tethers impose on the poleward movement of chromosomes must normally be over-ridden by the poleward `pulling' forces exerted at kinetochores. In spermatocytes, poleward forces are supplied primarily by the`traction fibers' that are firmly attached to kinetochores through end-on attachments to the plus ends of kinetochore microtubules.

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