scholarly journals Operation and Maintenance Costs of Offshore Wind Farms and Potential Multi-use Platforms in the Dutch North Sea

2017 ◽  
pp. 97-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Röckmann ◽  
Sander Lagerveld ◽  
John Stavenuiter
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Operation And Maintenance

Accessibility assessment for operation and maintenance of offshore wind farms in the North Sea

Wind Energy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Martini ◽  
Raúl Guanche ◽  
Iñigo J. Losada ◽  
César Vidal
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
The North ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
The North Sea

scholarly journals Modelling and simulation of operation and maintenance strategy for offshore wind farms based on multi-agent system

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 2981-2997 ◽  
Author(s):  
M’hammed Sahnoun ◽  
David Baudry ◽  
Navonil Mustafee ◽  
Anne Louis ◽  
Philip Andi Smart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farms ◽  
Modelling And Simulation ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Maintenance Strategy ◽  
Multi Agent System ◽  
Agent System ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Multi Agent

scholarly journals Cost-benefit Evaluation of Remote Inspection of Offshore Wind Farms by Simulating the Operation and Maintenance Phase

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øyvind Netland ◽  
Iver Bakken Sperstad ◽  
Matthias Hofmann ◽  
Amund Skavhaug
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Remote Inspection

A Framework for Assessing Ecological and Cumulative Effects (FAECE) of Offshore Wind Farms on Birds, Bats and Marine Mammals in the Southern North Sea

2017 ◽  
pp. 219-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Platteeuw ◽  
Joop Bakker ◽  
Inger van den Bosch ◽  
Aylin Erkman ◽  
Martine Graafland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Southern North Sea

Wind wake effects of large offshore wind farms, an underrated impact on the marine ecosystem?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Schrum ◽  
Naveed Akhtar ◽  
Nils Christiansen ◽  
Jeff Carpenter ◽  
Ute Daewel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Ocean Hydrodynamics

<p>The North Sea is a world-wide hot-spot in offshore wind energy production and installed capacity is rapidly increasing. Current and potential future developments raise concerns about the implications for the environment and ecosystem. Offshore wind farms change the physical environment across scales in various ways, which have the potential to modify biogeochemical fluxes and ecosystem structure. The foundations of wind farms cause oceanic wakes and sediment fluxes into the water column. Oceanic wakes have spatial scales of about O(1km) and structure local ecosystems within and in the vicinity of wind farms. Spatially larger effects can be expected from wind deficits and atmospheric boundary layer turbulence arising from wind farms. Wind disturbances extend often over muliple tenths of kilometer and are detectable as large scale wind wakes. Moreover, boundary layer disturbances have the potential to change the local weather conditions and foster e.g. local cloud development. The atmospheric changes in turn changes ocean circulation and turbulence on the same large spatial scales and modulate ocean nutrient fluxes. The latter directly influences biological productivity and food web structure. These cascading effects from atmosphere to ocean hydrodynamics, biogeochemistry and foodwebs are likely underrated while assessing potential and risks of offshore wind.</p><p>We present latest evidence for local to regional environmental impacts, with a focus on wind wakes and discuss results from observations, remote sensing and modelling.  Using a suite of coupled atmosphere, ocean hydrodynamic and biogeochemistry models, we quantify the impact of large-scale offshore wind farms in the North Sea. The local and regional meteorological effects are studied using the regional climate model COSMO-CLM and the coupled ocean hydrodynamics-ecosystem model ECOSMO is used to study the consequent effects on ocean hydrodynamics and ocean productivity. Both models operate at a horizontal resolution of 2km.</p>

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