maintenance phase
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Ming-Wen Hu ◽  
Shaoqiu He ◽  
Xuewei Wang ◽  
Xu Cao ◽  
...  

Functionally distinct subtypes/clusters of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, which differ in soma size and neurochemical properties, may play different roles in nerve regeneration and pain. However, details about transcriptomic changes in different neuronal subtypes under maladaptive neuropathic pain conditions remain unclear. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve represents a well-established model of neuropathic pain that mimics the etiology of clinical conditions. Therefore, we conducted single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize subtype-specific perturbations of transcriptomes in lumbar DRG neurons 7 days after sciatic CCI. By using Pirt-EGFPf mice that selectively express enhanced green fluorescent protein in DRG neurons, we established a highly efficient purification process to enrich neurons for scRNA-seq. We observed a loss of marker genes in injured neurons of 12 standard neuronal clusters, and the emergence of four prominent CCI-induced clusters at this peak-maintenance phase of neuropathic pain. Importantly, a portion of injured neurons from a subset of the 12 standard clusters (NP1, PEP5, NF1, and NF2) were spared from injury-induced identity loss, suggesting subtype-specific transcriptomic changes in injured neurons. Moreover, uninjured neurons, which are necessary for mediating the evoked pain, also demonstrated subtype-specific transcriptomic perturbations in these clusters, but not others. Notably, male and female mice showed differential transcriptomic changes in multiple neuronal clusters after CCI, suggesting transcriptomic sexual dimorphism in primary sensory neurons after nerve injury. Collectively, these findings may contribute to the identification of new target genes and development of DRG neuron subtype-specific therapies for optimizing neuropathic pain treatment and nerve regeneration.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Sayuri Watanabe ◽  
Marcelo Alves Ferreira ◽  
Anne Karoline Rocha Medrado Ventura ◽  
Clóvis Eduardo Santos Galvão ◽  
Jorge Kalil ◽  
...  

Abstract Anaphylaxis to fire ant venoms (Solenopsis sp) is a significant cause of systemic allergic reaction caused by Hymenoptera stings in children. There are only a few reports about the safety and efficacy of specific immunotherapy. We aim evaluate clinical characteristics, IgE and IgG4 specific responses of patients undergoing immunotherapy with a whole-body extract of Solenopsis sp after one year of the maintenance phase. Thirty-three patients were enrolled due to anaphylaxis by fire ant venom (Solenopsis sp) and underwent specific venom immunotherapy. They were assessed at baseline and one year after the beginning of the maintenance phase for skin test; specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies to fire ant venom; tryptase. All patients included presented a severe anaphylactic reaction. Although two patients (6.25%) presented a tryptase level higher than 11.4 ug/ml, systemic mastocytosis was ruled out. There was no relationship between the severity of the reaction with gender, tryptase level, atopy, previous reactions, concentration of the allergen in the skin test or specific IgE level. There was an increase of the specific IgG4/IgE ratio between the two time points. Reactions were local, with only two mild systemic reactions during the build-up phase. Twenty patients had accidental stings during immunotherapy, with 3 presenting only urticaria. This study is unprecedented in evaluating clinical and laboratory data in the fire ant immunotherapy. Our results show that after one year of the maintenance phase, patients did not develop any severe reaction with only a few mild reactions and presented a significant production of specific IgG4.


2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 500-507
Author(s):  
Kristýna Pospíšilová ◽  
Jiří Bronský

Background: Thiopurines (in Europe mainly azathioprine) are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases in children. Due to a prolonged time until the onset of therapeutic effect, those drugs are aimed to be used in the maintenance phase of the therapy rather than for induction of remission. Thiopurines are sometimes used in combination therapy (with aminosalicylates or biological treatment agents). The adverse events of these drugs occur as often as in 15–40% cases and may lead to treatment cessation in a significant number of patients. Aims: To overview available information on (mainly) children suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. Conclusion: Genetic examination accompanied with laboratory monitoring of blood count parameters (specifically at the beginning of therapy) and biochemistry can help prevent some of the severe adverse events. Keywords Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, pediatrie, merkaptopurin, thiopuriny


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Dedy Kurnianto ◽  
Lisa Fajar Indriana ◽  
Suparmo Suparmo ◽  
Nurhalis Tarmin ◽  
Abdul Wahab ◽  
...  

<p class="Papertext"><strong>The Preference of The Sandfish Holothuria scabra on Macroalgae-Based Feed. </strong>The sandfish, <em>Holothuria scabra</em>, is one ofthe marine species that has the potential to be developed as a source of high-value functional food. However, the growth of sandfish is still constrained by the availability of suitable feed. This study aimed to determine the level of preference of sea cucumbers for artificial feed made from macroalgae. This study used six main ingredients: control (sea-sand),  FF-1 (commercial shrimp feed), FF-2 (<em>Padina</em> sp.), FF-3 (<em>Ulva</em> sp.), FF-4 (<em>Sargassum</em> sp.), FF-5 (combination). A completely randomized design with three replications was implemented. Nutritional values of feed and the sandfish body, feed consumption, specific growth rate (SGR), survival, and water quality were investigated. The results revealed that all treatments had a 100 percent survival rate, even though the SGR for all treatmentswere negative. Artificial feed made from <em>Padina</em> sp. (FF-2) had the highest average feed consumption of 0.51 gram/day. This value was significantly greater than the other treatments (p&lt;0.05). The SGR reached a positive value in the last week of the maintenance phase. The nutritional quality of the sandfish body generally decreased compared to the initial rearing condition. On the other hand, water quality was optimal for sandfish growth throughout the experiment.It can be concluded that the feed derived from <em>Padina</em> sp. is preferable for <em>Holothuria scabra </em>and has the potential to be further developed.</p>


Author(s):  
Aitzol Miguélez Rodríguez ◽  
Xabier Pérez de Mendiola Etxezarraga

Background: The recurrent nature of Bipolar Disorder (BD) is the main cause of disability associated with the illness. Despite the proliferation of drugs approved for the maintenance phase of BD, the relapse rate is still high. The combination of drugs, especially the potentiation of mood-stabilizers with second-generation antipsychotics, may reduce the risk of relapse and rehospitalization. However, studies on the efficacy of specific combinations are scarce. Case presentation: The clinical case of a 28-year-old woman involuntarily admitted to an Acute Psychiatric Unit is presented. She suffers a manic postpartum episode with mixed and psychotic features. During the hospitalization, she is successfully treated with a combination of lithium plus olanzapine. In the discussion, a concise narrative review of the scientific literature on the efficacy of such a combination in BD is made. Conclusion: The association of lithium plus olanzapine is one of the combinations with most evidence on its efficacy in BD, especially in mixed-featured episodes. Tolerability concerns should not be an obstacle to its use, although they must be considered


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Melisa Hendrata ◽  
Janti Sudiono

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been known as a key mediator of angiogenesis in cancer. Bevacizumab is anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody that has been approved by the FDA as a first-line treatment in many types of cancer. In this paper, we extend a previously validated multiscale tumor model to comprehensively include the multiple roles of VEGF during the course of angiogenesis and its binding mechanism with bevacizumab. We use the model to simulate tumor system response under various bevacizumab concentrations, both in stand-alone treatment and in combination with chemotherapy. Our simulation indicates that periodic administration of bevacizumab with lower concentration can achieve greater efficacy than a single treatment with higher concentration. The simulation of the combined therapy also shows that the continuous administration of bevacizumab during the maintenance phase can lead to antitumor activity which further suppresses its growth. Agreement with experimental results indicates the potential of the model in predicting the efficacy of anti-VEGF therapies and could therefore contribute to developing prospective clinical trials.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 12121
Author(s):  
Shweta Singhal ◽  
Nishtha Jatana ◽  
Bharti Suri ◽  
Sanjay Misra ◽  
Luis Fernandez-Sanz

Software testing is undertaken to ensure that the software meets the expected requirements. The intention is to find bugs, errors, or defects in the developed software so that they can be fixed before deployment. Testing of the software is needed even after it is deployed. Regression testing is an inevitable part of software development, and must be accomplished in the maintenance phase of software development to ensure software reliability. The existing literature presents a large amount of relevant knowledge about the types of techniques and approaches used in regression test case selection and prioritization (TCS&P), comparisons of techniques used in TCS&P, and the data used. Numerous secondary studies (surveys or reviews) have been conducted in the area of TCS&P. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive examination of the analysis of the enhancements in TCS&P using a thorough systematic literature review (SLR) of the existing secondary studies. This SLR provides: (1) a collection of all the valuable secondary studies (and their qualitative analysis); (2) a thorough analysis of the publications and the trends of the secondary studies; (3) a classification of the various approaches used in the secondary studies; (4) insight into the specializations and range of years covered in the secondary texts; (5) a comprehensive list of statistical tests and tools used in the area; (6) insight into the quality of the secondary studies based on the seven selected Research Paper Quality parameters; (7) the common problems and challenges encountered by researchers; (8) common gaps and limitations of the studies; and (9) the probable prospects for research in the field of TCS&P.


Author(s):  
Megann McGill ◽  
Patrizha Schroth

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report on telepractice-based holistic speech-language therapy services to reduce avoidance of stuttering and increase positive self-image as a communicator for an adult who covertly stutters as compared with baseline. Method: A single case study design was employed with baseline, intervention, and maintenance phases completed via telepractice. The participant received biweekly speech-language pathology services, including both individual and group sessions. The Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering–Adult and Stuttering Severity Instrument–Fourth Edition assessed the participant's overt and covert stuttering behaviors at pretreatment and posttreatment time frames. Weekly data points of participant's self-report of avoidance of stuttering during therapy sessions and during the week between therapy sessions as well as researcher-calculated frequency of stuttering were measured. Visual inspection was utilized to analyze treatment outcomes. Results: The participant demonstrated a reduction in avoidance of stuttering within sessions as well as the week prior to a session, as compared with baseline. Additionally, the participant presented with an increased percent of words stuttered following into maintenance as compared with baseline. Visual inspection of weekly data points of frequency of stuttering and self-report of avoidance appeared to present promising results throughout the intervention phase with potential treatment effects continuing into the maintenance phase. Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrate preliminary evidence for potential positive outcomes of holistic speech therapy via telepractice for people who covertly stutter.


PSIKODIMENSIA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-242
Author(s):  
Karen Policarpio Sol ◽  
Jemerson Naceno Dominguez

Abstract: Treatment for Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is often theory-based however, recovery has not been guided by a theory. This grounded theory study intended to identify how an  individual  maintains  recovery  from  SUD.  Twenty  (20)  recovering  persons  as  the participants in a one-on-one in-depth interview employing Charmaz’s grounded theory methodology  of  analyzing  data,  a  theory  was  developed.  The  theory  of  Filipino Substance  Use  Recovery  (SUR)  generated  five  theoretical  phases:  Exhaustion, Recognition,  Acceptance,  Involvement,  and  Maintenance.  Under  the  Maintenance phase,  components  in  maintaining  a  lifelong  recovery  were  also  identified  such  as autonomy, maturity, support system, positive feelings, and restitution. Furthermore, it recognized  two  recovery  barriers  (internal  and  external  barriers)  thus  explained  the phenomena  of  substance  use  relapse.  In  conclusion,  the  theoretical  foundation  of Filipino SUR could help improve the current treatment and management of SUD in the Philippines.  Findings  could  be  utilized  in  developing  programs  grounded  and contextualized in the Philippine setting to address issues in substance use prevention, harm reduction, intervention, and recovery.  Keywords: Substance Use Disorder (SUD), recovery, relapse, grounded theory 


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Damato ◽  
Francesca Bergamo ◽  
Lorenzo Antonuzzo ◽  
Guglielmo Nasti ◽  
Francesco Iachetta ◽  
...  

The NIVACOR trial is a phase II study assessing the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in combination with FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab in first-line setting in patients affected by metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) RAS/BRAF mutated. We report safety run-in results in the first 10 patients enrolled. Patients received triplet chemotherapy with FOLFOXIRI scheme plus bevacizumab, in association with nivolumab every 2 weeks for 8 cycles (induction phase) followed by bevacizumab plus nivolumab every 2 weeks (maintenance phase), until progression of disease or unacceptable toxicities. The first ten patients were evaluated: 7 experienced at least one adverse event (AE) related to FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab and 2 related to nivolumab. The most frequent grade 1–2 AEs related to FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab were diarrhea and fatigue (71%), nausea and vomiting (57%); 3 (43%) had grade 3–4 neutropenia, and 2 (20%) patients developed grade 1–2 AEs nivolumab related: skin rash and salivary gland infection. Two patients delayed the dose because of serious AEs, proteinuria and salivary gland infection; one patient discontinued experimental treatment due to the ileo-urethral fistula and concurrent Clostridium infection diarrhea. No treatment- related death occurred. The safety run-in analysis of NIVACOR trial reassured using co-administration of FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab and nivolumab was well tolerated with an acceptable toxicity profile.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, (NCT04072198).


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