Sensitivity Study of Cloud Cover and Ozone Modeling to Microphysics Parameterization

Pure and Applied Geophysics ◽

10.1007/s00024-015-1227-2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 174 (2) ◽

pp. 491-510 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kinga Wałaszek ◽

Maciej Kryza ◽

Mariusz Szymanowski ◽

Małgorzata Werner ◽

Hanna Ojrzyńska

Keyword(s):

Cloud Cover ◽

Sensitivity Study

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A Bimodal Diagnostic Cloud Fraction Parameterization. Part I: Motivating Analysis and Scheme Description

Monthly Weather Review ◽

10.1175/mwr-d-20-0224.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kwinten Van Weverberg ◽

Cyril J. Morcrette ◽

Ian Boutle ◽

Kalli Furtado ◽

Paul R. Field

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Great Plains ◽

Bias Correction ◽

Cloud Cover ◽

Large Scale ◽

Weather Prediction ◽

Sensitivity Study ◽

Cloud Fraction ◽

Turbulent Characteristics ◽

Cloud Water Content

AbstractCloud fraction parameterizations are beneficial to regional, convection-permitting numerical weather prediction. For its operational regional mid-latitude forecasts, the UK Met Office uses a diagnostic cloud fraction scheme which relies on a unimodal, symmetric subgrid saturation-departure distribution. This scheme has been shown before to underestimate cloud cover and hence an empirically-based bias correction is used operationally to improve performance. This first of a series of two papers proposes a new diagnostic cloud scheme as a more physically-based alternative to the operational bias correction. The new cloud scheme identifies entrainment zones associated with strong temperature inversions. For model grid boxes located in this entrainment zone, co-located moist and dry Gaussian modes are used to represent the subgrid conditions. The mean and width of the Gaussian modes, inferred from the turbulent characteristics, are then used to diagnose cloud water content and cloud fraction. It is shown that the new scheme diagnoses enhanced cloud cover for a given grid-box mean humidity, similar to the current operational approach. It does so, however, in a physically meaningful way. Using observed aircraft data and ground-based retrievals over the Southern Great Plains in the US, it is shown that the new scheme improves the relation between cloud fraction, relative humidity and liquid water content. An emergent property of the scheme is its ability to infer skewed and bimodal distributions from the large-scale state that qualitatively compare well against observations. A detailed evaluation and resolution sensitivity study will follow in part II.

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Race Difference in Auditory Sensitivity

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.0704.389 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 389-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David C. Shepherd ◽

Robert Goldstein ◽

Benjamin Rosenblüt

Keyword(s):

White Women ◽

White Men ◽

Sensitivity Study ◽

Auditory Sensitivity ◽

Race Difference ◽

Men And Women ◽

Auditory Thresholds ◽

Békésy Audiometry ◽

Method Of Adjustment ◽

Better Than

Two separate studies investigated race and sex differences in normal auditory sensitivity. Study I measured thresholds at 500, 1000, and 2000 cps of 23 white men, 26 white women, 21 negro men, and 24 negro women using the method of limits. In Study II thresholds of 10 white men, 10 white women, 10 negro men, and 10 negro women were measured at 1000 cps using four different stimulus conditions and the method of adjustment by means of Bekesy audiometry. Results indicated that the white men and women in Study I heard significantly better than their negro counterparts at 1000 and 2000 cps. There were no significant differences between the average thresholds measured at 1000 cps of the white and negro men in Study II. White women produced better auditory thresholds with three stimulus conditions and significantly more sensitive thresholds with the slow pulsed stimulus than did the negro women in Study II.

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