Race Difference in Auditory Sensitivity

1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Shepherd ◽  
Robert Goldstein ◽  
Benjamin Rosenblüt
Keyword(s):  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Auditory Sensitivity ◽  
Race Difference ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Auditory Thresholds ◽  
Békésy Audiometry ◽  
Method Of Adjustment ◽  
Better Than

Two separate studies investigated race and sex differences in normal auditory sensitivity. Study I measured thresholds at 500, 1000, and 2000 cps of 23 white men, 26 white women, 21 negro men, and 24 negro women using the method of limits. In Study II thresholds of 10 white men, 10 white women, 10 negro men, and 10 negro women were measured at 1000 cps using four different stimulus conditions and the method of adjustment by means of Bekesy audiometry. Results indicated that the white men and women in Study I heard significantly better than their negro counterparts at 1000 and 2000 cps. There were no significant differences between the average thresholds measured at 1000 cps of the white and negro men in Study II. White women produced better auditory thresholds with three stimulus conditions and significantly more sensitive thresholds with the slow pulsed stimulus than did the negro women in Study II.

Initial Screening Transferrin Saturation Values, Serum Ferritin Concentrations, and HFE Genotypes in Native Americans and Whites in the Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening (HEIRS) Study.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 3712-3712
Author(s):  
James C. Barton ◽  
Ronald T. Acton ◽  
Laura Lovato ◽  
Mark R. Speechley ◽  
Christine E. McLaren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
White Women ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
White Men ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Native American Women ◽  
Men And Women

Abstract There are few reports of transferrin saturation (TfSat) and serum ferritin (SF) phenotypes and HFE C282Y and H63D genotypes in native Americans. We compared initial screening data of 645 native American and 43,453 white HEIRS Study participants who reported a single race/ethnicity and who did not report a previous diagnosis of hemochromatosis or iron overload. Each underwent TfSat and SF measurements without regard to fasting, and HFE C282Y and H63D genotyping. Elevated measurements were defined as: TfSat >50% (men), >45% (women); and SF >300 ng/mL (men), >200 ng/mL (women). Mean TfSat was lower in native American men than in white men (31% vs. 32%, respectively; p = 0.0337), and lower in native American women than in white women (25% vs. 27%, respectively; p <0.0001). Mean SF was similar in native American and white men (153 μg/L vs. 151 μg/L; p = 0.8256); mean SF was lower in native American women than in white women (55 μg/L vs. 63 μg/L, respectively; p = 0.0015). The respective percentages of native American men and women with elevated TfSat or elevated SF were similar to those of white men and women. The respective mean TfSat and SF values of native American and white participants with genotype HFE wt/wt were similar. The C282Y allele frequency was 0.0340 in native Americans and 0.0683 in whites (p <0.0001). The H63D allele frequency was 0.1150 in native Americans and 0.1532 in whites (p = 0.0001). We conclude that the screening TfSat and SF phenotypes of native Americans do not differ greatly from those of whites. The respective allele frequencies of HFE C282Y and H63D are significantly lower in native Americans than in whites.

The Earnings of Women and Ethnic Minorities, 1959–1979

ILR Review ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard A. Carlson ◽  
Caroline Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Asian Indian ◽  
White Women ◽  
Census Data ◽  
White Men ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Minority Men ◽  
Annual Earnings

Using 1980 Census data, the authors present estimates of annual earnings equations for twelve ethnic and racial groups, by gender, for 1979, and compare their results with an earlier study's estimates for 1959 and 1969. All minority men and women except Asian Indian and Japanese men earned less than white men in the years for which data were available. The earnings gap for most groups of men and women, however, declined over those years, and the portion of that gap that might be assignable to discrimination (the unexplained “residual”) also declined. A notable exception was white women, whose mean earnings relative to white men's changed little between 1969 and 1979, even when corrected for differences in productive characteristics.

scholarly journals Identity and the Legislative Decision Making Process: A Case Study of the Maryland State Legislature

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Brown
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Black Women ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women Legislators ◽  
Men I

Both politicians and the mass public believe that identity influences political behavior yet, political scientists have failed to fully detail how identity is salient for all political actors not just minorities and women legislators. To what extent do racial, gendered, and race/gendered identities affect the legislation decision process? To test this proposition, I examine how race and gender based identities shape the legislative decisions of Black women in comparison to White men, White women, and Black men. I find that Black men and women legislators interviewed believe that racial identity is relevant in their decision making processes, while White men and women members of the Maryland state legislature had difficulty deciding whether their identities mattered and had even more trouble articulating how or why they did. African American women legislators in Maryland articulate or describe an intersectional identity as a meaningful and significant component of their work as representatives. More specifically, Black women legislators use their identity to interpret legislation differently due to their race/gender identities.

Accelerated melanoma mortality rates among middle-aged white males with tumors of all thicknesses.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21029-e21029
Author(s):  
Juliana Berk-Krauss ◽  
David Polsky ◽  
Jennifer Stein ◽  
Alan Geller
Keyword(s):  
White Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
White Men ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Melanoma Mortality

e21029 Background: Effective early detection of melanoma remains one of the most crucial strategies in improving patient prognosis, due to the inverse relationship between primary tumor thickness and survival time. However, recent studies have demonstrated the mortality burden of thin melanomas is at least as severe as that of thicker melanomas. Recognizing specific mortality trends among men and women by age and thickness is essential for establishing targeted melanoma screening efforts. Methods: We evaluated Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data from 2009-2013. Melanoma thickness was divided into four standard categories: 0.01-1.00mm, 1.01-2.00mm, 2.01-4.00mm and > 4.01 mm. Melanoma mortalities were calculated among white men and women by age and thickness. We used a Bayesian analysis to calculate the probability of an individual dying from a melanoma of a given gender, age, and thickness. We then compared these probabilities between men and women. Results: Among white men, the largest increases in mortality rates occurred in the jump from the 45-49 to 50-54 age group at an increase of 68% for 0.01-1.00mm tumors, and from the 50-54 to 55-59 age group at an increase of 91% for 1.01-2.00mm tumors, 71% 2.01-4.00mm tumors and 80% for > 4.01mm tumors. In white women, mortality rates regardless of thickness increased at a slow incremental pace, across all age groups at an average overall rate of 36%. Mortality rates for white men with < 1mm and 1.01-2mm melanomas were comparable within the age groups less than 64 years, as was the case for white women with tumors of these thicknesses. The probability of a man dying was greater than of a woman for any age or thickness category. Conclusions: Melanoma mortality rate trends are nuanced and can vary significantly by age, thickness, and gender. In white men, mortality rates begin to accelerate sharply around the mid-50s age group. Screening efforts should therefore target detecting melanoma in middle-aged males in the in situ or earliest stage.

Whiteness, Power and the Politics of Demographics in the Governance of the Canadian Academy

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 676-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Fuji Johnson ◽  
Robert Howsam
Keyword(s):  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Simon Fraser University ◽  
Academic Decision Making

AbstractThe predominance of Whiteness, and the corresponding lack of representation of people who are both racialized and minoritized, in the governance of universities is a political issue. We present the results from an intersectional diversity audit of central and senior academic administrators at five Canadian universities: Simon Fraser University, University of British Columbia, University of Toronto, University of Victoria and York University. Our findings indicate that racialized men and women are hitting ceilings in the middle administrative ranks. Conversely, we find a notable overrepresentation of White men and women in the senior administrative ranks. Our analysis suggests that White women, unlike racialized women and men, no longer face serious barriers to representation within these senior ranks. These findings raise concerns about processes of racialization that may impede career progress for some but accelerate it for others. They raise concerns about the politics of who lifts whom into the echelons of academic decision making, which in turn has implications for justice, knowledge and social meanings of competency.

scholarly journals Photoanthropometry of the Face in the Young White Brazilian Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Sampaio Gonzales ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Palhares Machado ◽  
Edgard Michel-Crosato
Keyword(s):  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
Upper Face ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Student’S T

Abstract The aim of the present study is to describe the simplified facial pattern of young Brazilian men and women using the facial index (FI), upper face index (UFI), and nasal index (NI) in indirect anthropometric measurements applied to frontal photographic images. The images were obtained from 660 adult white men and 689 adult white women aged 30 years ± 6 months, and classified according to regions of birth, as follows: south (S), southeast (SE), midwest (MW), northeast (NE), and north (N). The nasion, zygion, gnathion, stomion, subnasale, and alare landmarks were labeled on the images using the SAFF 2D® software. Based on the coordinates, the linear distances between the landmarks of interest were calculated and presented as indices. The analysis of variance and Student’s t-test were used for assessing the regions of birth and gender, respectively. The collected data allowed obtaining the facial profile of the young adult Brazilian population. There were differences in the facial profiles between men and women and also between some regions, especially between the N and the other Brazilian regions (p<0.05). The UFI did not show a statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between genders for any of the regions. The discriminant analysis for gender assessment demonstrated higher accuracy when the three indices were analyzed together. In the decision tree for gender assessment, the NI showed better results than the other indices.

Relation of Bekesy Tracings to Personality and Electrophysiologic Measures

1966 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Shepherd ◽  
Robert Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
White Women ◽  
Skin Resistance ◽  
White Men ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
Emotional Changes ◽  
Békésy Audiometry

Bekesy amplitudes of 10 white men, 10 white women, 10 colored men, and 10 colored women were compared and also correlated with MMPI personality measures, EEG amplitude changes, heart rate changes, and skin-resistance levels and changes. All subjects had normal hearing. It was initially proposed that normal-hearing individuals who are similar in personality and who have similar emotional changes (measured by electrophysiologic recordings) during Bekesy audiometry will produce tracings of similar amplitude. Findings indicate that the size of Bekesy amplitudes do relate to personality as well as to emotional changes that occur during Bekesy audiometry. These relations, however, are specific to Bekesy amplitudes produced with a fast (2.5 dB/sec) continuous stimulus, dependent upon like skin resistance levels and probably independent of race and sex. Clear patterns of relations involving personality and electrophysiologic measures and Bekesy amplitudes traced with a fast (2.5 dB/sec) pulsed, slow (0.625 dB/sec) continuous, and slow pulsed stimulus, were not evident.

Desperate Deeds, Desperate Men: Gender, Race, and Rape in Silent Feature Films, 1915–1927

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Shrock
Keyword(s):  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Silent Films ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The North ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
American Society

Many of the top-grossing feature films spanning from 1915–1927 utilized rape as a device for defining manhood and thereby establishing power relationships. The images of rape in these silent films idealized the power of respectable white men over the men and women of other classes and races and subordinated the women from their own social station. These movies constructed white men as heroes and guardians of morality and civilization, white women as frail but morally superior figures, and African-American and immigrant men and women as uncontrollable sexual deviants who threatened civilization. These films reflected the fears of the white middle class that massive immigration, waves of black migration to the North, and the increasingly public role of women were irrevocably changing American society and threatening the power of the traditional dominant group in the United States: white middle- and upper-class men.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Disparities in U.S. Veteran Health Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2411
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Ward ◽  
Xuan-Mai T. Nguyen ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Emily M. Lord ◽  
Vanessa Lecky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Black Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
White Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Access And Quality ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Racial/ethnic health disparities persist among veterans despite comparable access and quality of care. We describe racial/ethnic differences in self-reported health characteristics among 437,413 men and women (mean age (SD) = 64.5 (12.6), 91% men, 79% White) within the Million Veteran Program. The Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test and linear mixed models were used to compare age-standardized frequencies and means across race/ethnicity groups, stratified by gender. Black, Hispanic, and Other race men and women reported worse self-rated health, greater VA healthcare utilization, and more combat exposure than Whites. Compared to White men, Black and Other men reported more circulatory, musculoskeletal, mental health, and infectious disease conditions while Hispanic men reported fewer circulatory and more mental health, infectious disease, kidney, and neurological conditions. Compared to White women, Black women reported more circulatory and infectious disease conditions and Other women reported more infectious disease conditions. Smoking rates were higher among Black men, but lower for other minority groups compared to Whites. Minority groups were less likely to drink alcohol and had lower physical fitness than Whites. By identifying differences in burden of various health conditions and risk factors across different racial/ethnic groups, our findings can inform future studies and ultimately interventions addressing disparities.

Sexual Fantasies of Black and of White College Students

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Price ◽  
Patricia A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Sexual Fantasies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
White College

The intent of the study was to obtain data on the incidence of sexual fantasies and on the relationship of sex and race to types of sexual fantasies listed on an original Sexual Fantasy Questionnaire. Participants were 128 college students between the ages of 18 and 34 yr., including 28 black women, 45 white women, 25 black men, and 30 white men. Analysis of responses to the 34 sexual fantasies led to conclusions that blacks were more likely to utilize fantasy during intercourse. Whites were more prone to feel guilt for having sexual fantasies. Blacks were less satisfied with their sexual relations. Both black men and women had higher mean frequencies than white men and women for fantasies involving aggression, homosexual behavior, oral and anal sex, and sex with someone of a different race.

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