Spatial Reasoning: A Critical Problem-Solving Tool in Children’s Mathematics Strategy Tool-Kit

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-75
Author(s):  
Beth M. Casey ◽  
Harriet Fell
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Critical Problem

scholarly journals Sonography and hypotension: a change to critical problem solving in undergraduate medical education

2016 ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Amini ◽  
Lori Stolz ◽  
Nicholas Hernandez ◽  
Kevin Gaskin ◽  
Arthur Sanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Education ◽  
Critical Problem

Mental Images and the Cognitive Development of the Congenitally Blind

1981 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Hall
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Mental Images ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
Congenitally Blind ◽  
Verbal Problem

This review of the literature examines studies of the use of mental images by the blind in such cognitive tasks as verbal problem solving and spatial reasoning. It proposes that because mental images available to them are not adequate for certain cognitive tasks, the congenitally blind may rely on different modes of representation to compensate for their limited perception of and experience with the environment.

Early Childhood Corner: The Power of Block Building

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Casey ◽  
Barbara Bobb
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Young Children ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
National Science Foundation Grant ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
National Science ◽  
Building Activities ◽  
And Mathematics

The ability to build complex structures with blocks is a powerful tool that can benefit all children. This article presents research on the importance of block building in developing spatial reasoning and explains the mathematics underlying block building. As an example of how teachers can systematically incorporate mathematics into block-building activities, this article describes elements of a new book on block building, Sneeze Builds a Castle (Casey, Paugh, and Ballard 2002). This book is part of a series of storytelling and mathematics supplementary books, 'Round the Rug Math: Adventures in Problem Solving, written with the support of a National Science Foundation grant and designed to facilitate spatial reasoning in young children (Casey, in press).

Cooperative Spatial Reasoning for Image Understanding

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 205-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Matsuyama ◽  
Toshikazu Wada
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Image Understanding ◽  
Aerial Image ◽  
Region Segmentation ◽  
Distributed Problem Solving ◽  
Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving

Spatial Reasoning, reasoning about spatial information (i.e. shape and spatial relations), is a crucial function of image understanding and computer vision systems. This paper proposes a novel spatial reasoning scheme for image understanding and demonstrates its utility and effectiveness in two different systems: region segmentation and aerial image understanding systems. The scheme is designed based on a so-called Multi-Agent/Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving Paradigm, where a group of intelligent agents cooperate with each other to fulfill a complicated task. The first part of the paper describes a cooperative distributed region segmentation system, where each region in an image is regarded as an agent. Starting from seed regions given at the initial stage, region agents deform their shapes dynamically so that the image is partitioned into mutually disjoint regions. The deformation of each individual region agent is realized by the snake algorithm14 and neighboring region agents cooperate with each other to find common region boundaries between them. In the latter part of the paper, we first give a brief description of the cooperative spatial reasoning method used in our aerial image understanding system SIGMA. In SIGMA, each recognized object such as a house and a road is regarded as an agent. Each agent generates hypotheses about its neighboring objects to establish spatial relations and to detect missing objects. Then, we compare its reasoning method with that used in the region segmentation system. We conclude the paper by showing further utilities of the Multi-gent/Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving Paradigm for image understanding.

Transfer Effects in a Problem Solving Context

1980 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sweller
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
General Problem ◽  
Simple Problem ◽  
Sequence Effect ◽  
Critical Problem ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Hypothesis Theory ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

In recent years hypothesis theory has been applied to transfer between problems and thus used to explain a variety of transfer phenomena. A version of the theory is presented which leads to the prediction that identical variations in identical problems can lead to opposite trends in speed of solution of a critical problem depending on the nature of that problem. Using numerical tasks it was demonstrated that identical variations in preliminary problems either can transform a normally simple problem into an insoluble one or alternatively an insoluble problem into a simple one with the only alteration being in the degree of similarity between the hypotheses required for the initial problems and the critical problem. Implications for Einstellung, the sequence effect and general problem solving are discussed.

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