According to the short analysis of modern experience of hardware and software for autonomous mobile robots a role of computer vision systems in the structure of those robots is considered. A number of configurations of onboard computers and implementation of algorithms for visual data capturing and processing are described. In original configuration space the «algorithms-hardware» plane is considered. For software designing the realtime vision system framework is used. Experiments with the computing module based on the Intel/Altera Cyclone IV FPGA (implementation of the histogram computation algorithm and the Canny's algorithm), with the computing module based on the Xilinx FPGA (implementation of a sparse and dense optical flow algorithms) are described. Also implementation of algorithm of graph segmentation of grayscale images is considered and analyzed. Results of the first experiments are presented.
On-Board Monocular Vision System Pose Estimation through a Dense Optical Flow