White-Handed Gibbons of Khao Yai: Social Flexibility, Complex Reproductive Strategies, and a Slow Life History

2011 ◽  
pp. 237-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich H. Reichard ◽  
Manoch Ganpanakngan ◽  
Claudia Barelli
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Social Flexibility

Critique of some practices in life-history studies, with special reference to harpacticoid copepods

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bergmans
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Cognitive Framework ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepods

Published studies on the demography and reproductive strategies of harpacticoid copepods are examined critically. At the technical level, the popular approximation r ≈ In R0/Tc is shown to be inappropriate as an estimate of the intrinsic rate of increase of harpacticoids. It leads to a systematic underestimation, by 8-29%, for life histories typical of fast-breeding species. Various ad hoc variants of r and R0 calculations occurring in the literature are also criticized. .At the conceptual level, a more discriminating approach to life-history characteristics is necessary; this applies both to the assessment of their 'strategic' significance, and to their diagnostic power with regard to the various 'strategies'. Special attention is given to the non-equivalence of parity and voltinism. Recommendations that should promote the construction of a more rigorous cognitive framework are included.

scholarly journals Cuckoos, cowbirds and hosts: adaptations, trade-offs and constraints

2006 ◽  
Vol 362 (1486) ◽  
pp. 1873-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Brood Parasitism ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Host System ◽  
Brood Parasites ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Evolution Of Life

The interactions between brood parasitic birds and their host species provide one of the best model systems for coevolution. Despite being intensively studied, the parasite–host system provides ample opportunities to test new predictions from both coevolutionary theory as well as life-history theory in general. I identify four main areas that might be especially fruitful: cuckoo female gentes as alternative reproductive strategies, non-random and nonlinear risks of brood parasitism for host individuals, host parental quality and targeted brood parasitism, and differences and similarities between predation risk and parasitism risk. Rather than being a rare and intriguing system to study coevolutionary processes, I believe that avian brood parasites and their hosts are much more important as extreme cases in the evolution of life-history strategies. They provide unique examples of trade-offs and situations where constraints are either completely removed or particularly severe.

scholarly journals Ecology and the diversification of reproductive strategies in viviparous fishes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tobler ◽  
Zachary Culumber
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Correlated Patterns ◽  
Maternal Provisioning ◽  
Provisioning Strategies

AbstractShifts in life history evolution can potentiate sexual selection and speciation. However, we rarely understand the causative links between correlated patterns of diversification or the tipping points that initiate changes with cascading effects. We investigated livebearing fishes with repeated transitions from pre- (lecithotrophy) to post-fertilization maternal provisioning (matrotrophy) to identify the potential ecological drivers of evolutionary transitions in life history. Phylogenetic comparative analyses across 94 species revealed that bi-directional evolution along the lecithotrophy-matrotrophy continuum is correlated with ecology, supporting adaptive hypotheses of life history diversification. Consistent with theory, matrotrophy was associated with high resource availability and low competition. Our results suggest that ecological sources of selection contribute to the diversification of female provisioning strategies in livebearing fishes, which have been associated with macroevolutionary patterns of sexual selection and speciation.

Disorganized attachment and reproductive strategies

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Lewis ◽  
Gregory Tooley
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Life History ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Parental Investment ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Disorganized Attachment ◽  
Attachment Patterns ◽  
Investment Theory ◽  
Parental Investment Theory

AbstractDel Giudice provides an extension of the life history theory of attachment that incorporates emerging data suggestive of sex differences in avoidant male and preoccupied female attachment patterns emerging in middle childhood. This commentary considers the place of disorganized attachment within this theory and why male children may be more prone to disorganized attachment by drawing on Trivers's parental investment theory.

scholarly journals Later, if ever: Family influences on the transition from first to second birth in Soviet Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
YULIYA HILEVYCH
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Reproductive Decisions ◽  
Family Influences ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Intergenerational Ties

AbstractWhat was the role of the family in individual reproductive decisions during state socialism? Can the family help to understand regional variations in fertility decline? This study provides an in-depth analysis of family relationships and their influences on individual reproductive decisions during the transition from first to second birth in Soviet Ukraine. Life history interviews are used to compare the western and eastern borderland cities of Lviv and Kharkiv, respectively, around 1950–1975. The findings reveal that regional differences in intergenerational ties and spousal cooperation shaped two reproductive strategies of transition to second birth, specifically postponing in Kharkiv and spacing in Lviv.

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