scholarly journals On the Complexity of the Equivalence Problem for Probabilistic Automata

2012 ◽  
pp. 467-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kiefer ◽  
Andrzej S. Murawski ◽  
Joël Ouaknine ◽  
Björn Wachter ◽  
James Worrell
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Problem ◽  
Probabilistic Automata

scholarly journals EQUIVALENCE OF LABELED MARKOV CHAINS

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 549-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURENT DOYEN ◽  
THOMAS A. HENZINGER ◽  
JEAN-FRANÇOIS RASKIN
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chains ◽  
Markov Decision Processes ◽  
Polynomial Time ◽  
Finite Sequence ◽  
Equivalence Problem ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Probabilistic Automata ◽  
Alternative Algorithm ◽  
Markov Decision ◽  
Definition Of

We consider the equivalence problem for labeled Markov chains (LMCs), where each state is labeled with an observation. Two LMCs are equivalent if every finite sequence of observations has the same probability of occurrence in the two LMCs. We show that equivalence can be decided in polynomial time, using a reduction to the equivalence problem for probabilistic automata, which is known to be solvable in polynomial time. We provide an alternative algorithm to solve the equivalence problem, which is based on a new definition of bisimulation for probabilistic automata. We also extend the technique to decide the equivalence of weighted probabilistic automata. Then, we consider the equivalence problem for labeled Markov decision processes (LMDPs), which asks given two LMDPs whether for every scheduler (i.e. way of resolving the nondeterministic decisions) for each of the processes, there exists a scheduler for the other process such that the resulting LMCs are equivalent. The decidability of this problem remains open. We show that the schedulers can be restricted to be observation-based, but may require infinite memory.

Equivalence problem of Mann and Ishikawa Iterations in Banach Spaces

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-288
Author(s):  
Shuang WANG ◽  
Guoqing CHAI ◽  
Changsong HU
Keyword(s):  
Banach Spaces ◽  
Equivalence Problem

Multiple Regularity and Binary ETOL-Systems1

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
Ryszard Danecki
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Problem ◽  
Tree Automata ◽  
Closure Properties ◽  
Multiple Tree

Closure properties of binary ETOL-languages are investigated by means of multiple tree automata. Decidability of the equivalence problem of deterministic binary ETOL-systems is proved.

scholarly journals Equivalence problem for the orthogonal webs on the 3-sphere

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 053509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Cochran ◽  
Raymond G. McLenaghan ◽  
Roman G. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Problem

The Geometry of d2y1/dt2 = f (y, ẏ, t) and d2y2/dt2 = g(y, ẏ, t), and Euclidean Spaces

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-184
Author(s):  
Richard Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Ordinary Differential Equations ◽  
Shortest Paths ◽  
Equivalence Problem ◽  
Second Order ◽  
System Of Differential Equations ◽  
Lagrange Equations ◽  
Invariant Functions ◽  
Underlying Geometry ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between a system of differential equations and the underlying geometry associated with it. The geometry of a surface determines shortest paths, or geodesics connecting nearby points, which are defined as the solutions to a pair of second-order differential equations: the Euler–Lagrange equations of the metric. We ask when the converse holds, that is, when solutions to a system of differential equations reveals an underlying geometry. Specifically, when may the solutions to a given pair of second order ordinary differential equations d2y1/dt2 = f (y, ẏ, t) and d2y2/dt2 = g(y, ẏ, t) be reparameterized by t → T(y, t) so as to give locally the geodesics of a Euclidean space? Our approach is based upon Cartan's method of equivalence. In the second part of the paper, the equivalence problem is solved for a generic pair of second order ordinary differential equations of the above form revealing the existence of 24 invariant functions.

scholarly journals Lower bounds for the state complexity of probabilistic languages and the language of prime numbers

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-192
Author(s):  
NathanaËl Fijalkow
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Prime Numbers ◽  
Regular Languages ◽  
Automata Theory ◽  
Seminal Paper ◽  
Probabilistic Automata ◽  
State Complexity ◽  
Probabilistic Languages ◽  
Alternating Automata

Abstract This paper studies the complexity of languages of finite words using automata theory. To go beyond the class of regular languages, we consider infinite automata and the notion of state complexity defined by Karp. Motivated by the seminal paper of Rabin from 1963 introducing probabilistic automata, we study the (deterministic) state complexity of probabilistic languages and prove that probabilistic languages can have arbitrarily high deterministic state complexity. We then look at alternating automata as introduced by Chandra, Kozen and Stockmeyer: such machines run independent computations on the word and gather their answers through boolean combinations. We devise a lower bound technique relying on boundedly generated lattices of languages, and give two applications of this technique. The first is a hierarchy theorem, stating that there are languages of arbitrarily high polynomial alternating state complexity, and the second is a linear lower bound on the alternating state complexity of the prime numbers written in binary. This second result strengthens a result of Hartmanis and Shank from 1968, which implies an exponentially worse lower bound for the same model.

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