On the Transmembrane Electrical Potential Difference in Chloroplasts Studied by Electrochromism

1979 ◽  
pp. 70-70
Author(s):  
R. Tiemann ◽  
D. DiFiore ◽  
H. T. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Electrical Potential Difference ◽  
Transmembrane Electrical Potential

Hepatic taurocholate uptake is electrogenic and influenced by transmembrane potential difference

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (3) ◽  
pp. G478-G485 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Lidofsky ◽  
J. G. Fitz ◽  
R. A. Weisiger ◽  
B. F. Scharschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Membrane Depolarization ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Electrical Potential Difference ◽  
Perfused Liver ◽  
Cultured Hepatocytes ◽  
Patch Clamp Recording ◽  
Intracellular Microelectrodes ◽  
Transmembrane Electrical Potential ◽  
Transmembrane Potential Difference

Uptake of the bile acid taurocholate by hepatocytes is coupled to Na+ influx. The stoichiometry of uptake, however, is uncertain, as is the influence of the transmembrane electrical potential difference (PD) on this process. In this study, we examined the relationship between taurocholate extraction and PD (measured using intracellular microelectrodes) in perfused liver, and we measured taurocholate-induced transport current in cultured hepatocytes using patch-clamp recording techniques. In the perfused liver under basal conditions, PD averaged -28.4 +/- 0.6 (SE) mV, and extraction of 1, 50, and 300 microM taurocholate was 0.95 +/- 0.02, 0.98 +/- 0.01, and 0.41 +/- 0.03, respectively. When the Na+ chemical gradient was decreased by replacing perfusate Na+ with choline, the membrane depolarized to -17.2 +/- 1.1 mV, and taurocholate extraction markedly decreased at all taurocholate concentrations (P < 0.01). When perfusate Na+ concentration was held constant at 137 mM, membrane depolarization induced by substitution of gluconate for perfusate Cl- (-17.9 +/- 0.6 mV) or Cl- for nitrate (-10.3 +/- 2.1 mV) significantly decreased extraction of 300 microM taurocholate. Abrupt exposure to taurocholate produced a concentration-dependent membrane depolarization in the presence of Na+, but not in its absence (P < 0.001). In cultured hepatocytes, exposure to 100 microM taurocholate produced an inward current of -0.056 +/- 0.016 pA/pF at a holding potential of -40 mV. This current was Na+ dependent, and it increased twofold as holding potential was changed from -20 to -50 mV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Sodium and calcium share the electrogenic 2 Na(+)-1 H+ antiporter in crustacean antennal glands

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (5) ◽  
pp. F758-F767
Author(s):  
G. A. Ahearn ◽  
P. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Hill Coefficient ◽  
Affinity Constant ◽  
Electrical Potential Difference ◽  
Static Head ◽  
Transmembrane Electrical Potential

Na uptake by short-circuited epithelial brush-border membrane vesicles of Atlantic lobster (Homarus americanus) antennal gland labyrinth was Cl independent, amiloride sensitive, and stimulated by a transmembrane H+ gradient [( H]i greater than [H]o; i is internal, o is external). Na influx (2.5-s uptake) was a sigmoidal function of [Na]o (25-400 mM) when pHi = 5.0 and pHo = 8.0 and followed the Hill equation for binding cooperatively [apparent maximal influx (Jmax) = 271 nmol.mg protein-1.s-1, apparent affinity constant for Na (KNa) = 310 mM Na, and Hill coefficient (n) = 2.41]. Amiloride acted as a competitive inhibitor of Na binding to two external sites with markedly dissimilar apparent amiloride affinities (Ki1 = 14 microM; Ki2 = 1,340 mM). Electrogenic Na-H antiport by these vesicles was demonstrated by equilibrium-shift experiments in which an imposed transmembrane electrical potential difference was the only driving force for exchange. A transport stoichiometry of 2 Na to 1 H was demonstrated with the static-head technique in which a balance of driving forces was attained with 10:1 Na gradient and 100:1 H gradient. External Ca, like amiloride, was a strong competitive inhibitor of Na-H exchange, acting at two sites on the outer vesicular face with markedly different apparent divalent cation affinities (Ki1 = 20 microM; Ki2 = 500 microM). Ca-H exchange by electrogenic Na-H antiporter was demonstrated in complete absence of Na by use of an outward H gradient in presence and absence of amiloride. Both external amiloride (Ki1 = 70 microM; Ki2 = 500 microM) and Na (Ki1 = 12 mM; Ki2 = 380 mM) were competitive inhibitors of Ca-H exchange. These results suggest that the electrogenic 2 Na-1 H exchanger characterized for this crustacean epithelium may also have a role in organismic Ca balance.

Na-dependent L-glutamate transport by eel intestinal BBMV: role of K+ and Cl-

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. R180-R188
Author(s):  
P. M. Romano ◽  
G. A. Ahearn ◽  
C. Storelli
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamate Uptake ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Glutamate Transport ◽  
Electrical Potential Difference ◽  
Intestinal Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Transmembrane Electrical Potential

L-[3H]glutamate uptake into eel (Anguilla anguilla) intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) was a sigmoidal function of extravesicular Na, suggesting that two or more cations accompanied the amino acid during transport. L-[3H]glutamate influx illustrated the following kinetic constants: apparent membrane binding affinity (Kapp) = 0.80 +/- 0.12 mM; influx velocity (Jmax) = 2.61 +/- 0.31 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1; and permeability coefficient (P) = 0.65 +/- 0.10 microliters.mg protein-1. min-1. Results from the imposition of diffusion potentials across vesicle membranes using K-valinomycin or H-carbonyl-cyanide p-chloromethoxyphenylhydrazone suggested that Na-dependent L-glutamate transport was sensitive to transmembrane electrical potential difference. Extravesicular aspartate was a competitive inhibitor of L-[3H]glutamate influx [inhibitory constant (Ki) = 0.28 +/- 0.04 mM]. Intravesicular K and extravesicular Cl ions enhanced maximal amino acid influx and transient L-glutamate accumulation against a concentration gradient (overshoot). Intravesicular K reduced the Kapp of the membrane to L-glutamate, whereas extravesicular Cl increased L-glutamate Jmax. A model for L-[3H]glutamate transport is suggested involving the cotransport of at least two Na and one L-glutamate that is activated by one intravesicular K ion and at least two extravesicular Cl ions.

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