Measurement of Lactic Acid and Amino Acids in the Cerebral Cortex of Head-Injured Patients Using Microdialysis

1995 ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Clay Goodman ◽  
Daniel P. Robertson ◽  
Shankar P. Gopinath ◽  
Raj K. Narayan ◽  
Robert G. Grossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Injured Patients

Lactate and Excitatory Amino Acids Measured by Microdialysis Are Decreased by Pentobarbital Coma in Head-Injured Patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. GOODMAN ◽  
A.B. VALADKA ◽  
S. P. GOPINATH ◽  
M. CORMIO ◽  
C.S. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acids ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Injured Patients

Verbal learning deficits following severe head injury: heterogeneity in recovery over 1 year

1991 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S50-S58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Ruff ◽  
David Young ◽  
Theresa Gautille ◽  
Lawrence F. Marshall ◽  
Jeff Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Learning Deficits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Recovery Curve ◽  
Recovery Curves ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Case Basis

✓ A total of 40 severely head-injured patients were selected from the Traumatic Coma Data Bank, supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, to analyze the recovery of verbal learning across baseline and 6- and 12-month evaluations postinjury. During the initial 6 months, the group demonstrated marked recovery, followed by an absence of improvement over the latter part of the year. Analysis of this recovery curve on a case by case basis revealed three recovery subtypes: namely, a flat curve, a peak-drop curve, or an improvement curve. These three subtypes proved to have concurrent validity when compared with another memory test. Adding 19 new patients to the sample cross-validated the subtypes. However, the memory performance of the 59 patients was dissociated from other neuropsychological tests which showed recovery at more equivalent rates across the subtypes. Analysis of the demographic and neurological characteristics disclosed that the group with a peak-drop recovery curve was less well educated and the group with a flat curve demonstrated a trend toward higher levels of hypoxia. Moreover, the three subgroups were rated by their relatives to have equivalent levels of depression at baseline and at 6 months, but only the improved subgroup demonstrated reduced depression at 1 year. The clinical relevancy of these differential recovery curves is discussed.

scholarly journals ANTAGONISMS IN THE UTILIZATION OF d-AMINO ACIDS BY LACTIC ACID BACTERIA

1950 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-368
Author(s):  
Merrill N. Camien ◽  
Max S. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria

scholarly journals Chiroptical activity of hydroxycarboxylic acids with implications for the origin of biological homochirality

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Bocková ◽  
Nykola C. Jones ◽  
Uwe J. Meierhenrich ◽  
Søren V. Hoffmann ◽  
Cornelia Meinert
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Aliphatic Chain ◽  
Monocarboxylic Acids ◽  
Hydroxycarboxylic Acids ◽  
Polarised Light ◽  
Suitable Target ◽  
Anisotropy Spectra

AbstractCircularly polarised light (CPL) interacting with interstellar organic molecules might have imparted chiral bias and hence preluded prebiotic evolution of biomolecular homochirality. The l-enrichment of extra-terrestrial amino acids in meteorites, as opposed to no detectable excess in monocarboxylic acids and amines, has previously been attributed to their intrinsic interaction with stellar CPL revealed by substantial differences in their chiroptical signals. Recent analyses of meteoritic hydroxycarboxylic acids (HCAs) – potential co-building blocks of ancestral proto-peptides – indicated a chiral bias toward the l-enantiomer of lactic acid. Here we report on novel anisotropy spectra of several HCAs using a synchrotron radiation electronic circular dichroism spectrophotometer to support the re-evaluation of chiral biomarkers of extra-terrestrial origin in the context of absolute photochirogenesis. We found that irradiation by CPL which would yield l-excess in amino acids would also yield l-excess in aliphatic chain HCAs, including lactic acid and mandelic acid, in the examined conditions. Only tartaric acid would show “unnatural” d-enrichment, which makes it a suitable target compound for further assessing the relevance of the CPL scenario.

FRACTURES OF THE CLIVUS

Neurosurgery ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel G. Ochalski ◽  
Richard M. Spiro ◽  
Anthony Fabio ◽  
Amin B. Kassam ◽  
David O. Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhages ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Boolean Search ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Electronic Medical Record Database

Abstract OBJECTIVE We report the morbidity and mortality associated with fractures of the clivus and discuss management approaches specific to this unique diagnostic entity. METHODS We performed a boolean search of our electronic medical record database to identify patients with fractures of the clivus that were diagnosed using computed tomography of the head. A retrospective imaging and chart analysis was completed to further characterize the fractures and to analyze outcomes. RESULTS Between January 1999 and December 2007, 41 patients were identified with fractures of the clivus. We found a 0.21% overall incidence among all head-injured patients presenting to our institution and a 2.3% incidence among those patients with a cranial fracture. Ten of 41 patients (24.4%) died, and neurological and vascular complications associated with central cranial base fractures were observed in 19 of 41 patients (46%). Furthermore, associated cranial fractures remote from the central cranial base and associated intracranial hemorrhages were observed in 40 of 41 (97.6%) and 33 of 41 (80.5%) patients, respectively. In terms of outcomes, 26 of 41 patients (63.5%) had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 12 or greater at the time of discharge from the hospital. CONCLUSION We demonstrate a lower than previously reported mortality rate in patients with clival fractures. Nevertheless, as a result of location, fractures of the clivus were frequently associated with a high rate of complications and neurological sequelae.

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