Lactate and Excitatory Amino Acids Measured by Microdialysis Are Decreased by Pentobarbital Coma in Head-Injured Patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. GOODMAN ◽  
A.B. VALADKA ◽  
S. P. GOPINATH ◽  
M. CORMIO ◽  
C.S. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acids ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Injured Patients

Measurement of Lactic Acid and Amino Acids in the Cerebral Cortex of Head-Injured Patients Using Microdialysis

1995 ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Clay Goodman ◽  
Daniel P. Robertson ◽  
Shankar P. Gopinath ◽  
Raj K. Narayan ◽  
Robert G. Grossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Injured Patients

Excitatory amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid following traumatic brain injury in humans

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Baker ◽  
Richard J. Moulton ◽  
Vernon H. MacMillan ◽  
Peter M. Shedden
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acids ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acid ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Injured Patients

✓ Evidence from models of traumatic brain injury implicates excitotoxicity as an integral process in the ultimate neuronal damage that follows. Concentrations of the excitatory amino acid glutamate were serially measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with traumatic brain injuries and in control patients for comparison. The purpose of the study was to determine whether glutamate concentrations were significantly elevated following traumatic brain injury and, if so, whether they were elevated in a time frame that would allow the use of antagonist therapy. Cerebrospinal fluid was sampled fresh from ventricular drains every 12 hours and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography for the excitatory amino acids. The peak concentrations of glutamate in the CSF of the 12 brain-injured patients ranged from 14 to 474 µM and were significantly higher than those in the three control patients, 4.9 to 17 µM (Mann-Whitney U-test, p < 0.02). Glutamate concentrations in five of the eight patients who were still being sampled on Day 3 were beyond the control group range. The implication of this study is that severely head-injured patients are exposed to high concentrations of a neurotoxic amino acid for days following injury and thus may benefit from antagonist intervention.

Verbal learning deficits following severe head injury: heterogeneity in recovery over 1 year

1991 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S50-S58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Ruff ◽  
David Young ◽  
Theresa Gautille ◽  
Lawrence F. Marshall ◽  
Jeff Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Learning Deficits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Recovery Curve ◽  
Recovery Curves ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Case Basis

✓ A total of 40 severely head-injured patients were selected from the Traumatic Coma Data Bank, supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, to analyze the recovery of verbal learning across baseline and 6- and 12-month evaluations postinjury. During the initial 6 months, the group demonstrated marked recovery, followed by an absence of improvement over the latter part of the year. Analysis of this recovery curve on a case by case basis revealed three recovery subtypes: namely, a flat curve, a peak-drop curve, or an improvement curve. These three subtypes proved to have concurrent validity when compared with another memory test. Adding 19 new patients to the sample cross-validated the subtypes. However, the memory performance of the 59 patients was dissociated from other neuropsychological tests which showed recovery at more equivalent rates across the subtypes. Analysis of the demographic and neurological characteristics disclosed that the group with a peak-drop recovery curve was less well educated and the group with a flat curve demonstrated a trend toward higher levels of hypoxia. Moreover, the three subgroups were rated by their relatives to have equivalent levels of depression at baseline and at 6 months, but only the improved subgroup demonstrated reduced depression at 1 year. The clinical relevancy of these differential recovery curves is discussed.

Increased intracerebral excitatory amino acids and nitric oxide after hypothermic circulatory arrest

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine E Tseng ◽  
Malcolm V Brock ◽  
Christopher C Kwon ◽  
Madhu Annanata ◽  
Mary S Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acids ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest
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