Response of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets to Multi-Millennial Greenhouse Warming in the Earth System Model of Intermediate Complexity LOVECLIM

Abstract. The main characteristics of the new version 1.2 of the three-dimensional Earth system model of intermediate complexity LOVECLIM are briefly described. LOVECLIM 1.2 includes representations of the atmosphere, the ocean and sea ice, the land surface (including vegetation), the ice sheets, the icebergs and the carbon cycle. The atmospheric component is ECBilt2, a T21, 3-level quasi-geostrophic model. The ocean component is CLIO3, which consists of an ocean general circulation model coupled to a comprehensive thermodynamic-dynamic sea-ice model. Its horizontal resolution is of 3° by 3°, and there are 20 levels in the ocean. ECBilt-CLIO is coupled to VECODE, a vegetation model that simulates the dynamics of two main terrestrial plant functional types, trees and grasses, as well as desert. VECODE also simulates the evolution of the carbon cycle over land while the ocean carbon cycle is represented by LOCH, a comprehensive model that takes into account both the solubility and biological pumps. The ice sheet component AGISM is made up of a three-dimensional thermomechanical model of the ice sheet flow, a visco-elastic bedrock model and a model of the mass balance at the ice-atmosphere and ice-ocean interfaces. For both the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, calculations are made on a 10 km by 10 km resolution grid with 31 sigma levels. LOVECLIM1.2 reproduces well the major characteristics of the observed climate both for present-day conditions and for key past periods such as the last millennium, the mid-Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum. However, despite some improvements compared to earlier versions, some biases are still present in the model. The most serious ones are mainly located at low latitudes with an overestimation of the temperature there, a too symmetric distribution of precipitation between the two hemispheres, and an overestimation of precipitation and vegetation cover in the subtropics. In addition, the atmospheric circulation is too weak. The model also tends to underestimate the surface temperature changes (mainly at low latitudes) and to overestimate the ocean heat uptake observed over the last decades.

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Coupling the U.K. Earth System Model to dynamic models of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems ◽

10.1029/2021ms002520 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Robin S. Smith ◽

Pierre Mathiot ◽

Antony Siahaan ◽

Victoria Lee ◽

Stephen L. Cornford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Models ◽

Ice Sheets ◽

Earth System Model ◽

System Model ◽

Earth System ◽

Antarctic Ice Sheets

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Coupling the U.K. Earth System Model to dynamic models of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9977 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Robin Smith ◽

Pierre Mathiot ◽

Antony Siahaan ◽

Victoria Lee ◽

Stephen Cornford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Surface ◽

Dynamic Models ◽

Ice Sheets ◽

Ice Sheet ◽

Ocean Model ◽

Earth System Model ◽

System Model ◽

Surface Model ◽

Earth System ◽

Antarctic Ice Sheets

<p>In this presentation we describe how models of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have been incorporated in the global U.K. Earth System model (UKESM1) with a two-way coupling that passes fluxes of energy, water and the locations of ice surfaces between the component models. Offline, file-based coupling is used throughout to pass information between the components, which is both physically appropriate and convenient within the UKESM1 structure. Ice sheet surface mass balance is computed in the land surface model using sub-gridscale multi-layer snowpacks. Icebergs calved from the ice sheets are fed into a Langrangian iceberg drift scheme in the ocean. Ice shelf basal melt is explicitly calculated in cavities resolved by the ocean model, and ice sheet and shelf geometries are kept consistent in all components. We demonstrate that our coupled model remains stable when simulating changes in ice sheet height, extent and grounding-line position of hundreds of kilometres.</p>

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The earth system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-3α. Part I: description and performance for present-day conditions

Climate Dynamics ◽

10.1007/s00382-005-0061-0 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 26 (2-3) ◽

pp. 327-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Marisa Montoya ◽

Alexa Griesel ◽

Anders Levermann ◽

Juliette Mignot ◽

Matthias Hofmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Earth System Model ◽

System Model ◽

Earth System ◽

Intermediate Complexity ◽

The Earth ◽

And Performance

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Description of the Earth system model of intermediate complexity LOVECLIM version 1.2

Geoscientific Model Development Discussions ◽

10.5194/gmdd-3-309-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 309-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

H. Goosse ◽

V. Brovkin ◽

T. Fichefet ◽

R. Haarsma ◽

P. Huybrechts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Cycle ◽

Sea Ice ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Ice Sheets ◽

Ice Sheet ◽

Earth System Model ◽

System Model ◽

Earth System ◽

Intermediate Complexity ◽

Low Latitudes

Abstract. The main characteristics of the new version 1.2 of the three-dimensional Earth system model of intermediate complexity LOVECLIM are briefly described. LOVECLIM 1.2 includes representations of the atmosphere, the ocean and sea ice, the land surface (including vegetation), the ice sheets, the icebergs and the carbon cycle. The atmospheric component is ECBilt2, a T21, 3-level quasi-geostrophic model. The oceanic component is CLIO3, which is made up of an ocean general circulation model coupled to a comprehensive thermodynamic-dynamic sea-ice model. Its horizontal resolution is 3° by 3°, and there are 20 levels in the ocean. ECBilt-CLIO is coupled to VECODE, a vegetation model that simulates the dynamics of two main terrestrial plant functional types, trees and grasses, as well as desert. VECODE also simulates the evolution of the carbon cycle over land while the oceanic carbon cycle is represented in LOCH, a comprehensive model that takes into account both the solubility and biological pumps. The ice sheet component AGISM is made up of a three-dimensional thermomechanical model of the ice sheet flow, a visco-elastic bedrock model and a model of the mass balance at the ice-atmosphere and ice ocean interfaces. For both the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, calculations are made on a 10 km by 10 km resolution grid with 31 sigma levels. LOVECLIM 1.2 reproduces well the major characteristics of the observed climate both for present-day conditions and for key past periods such as the last millennium, the mid-Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum. However, despite some improvements compared to earlier versions, some biases are still present in the model. The most serious ones are mainly located at low latitudes with an overestimation of the temperature there, a too symmetric distribution of precipitation between the two hemispheres, an overestimation of precipitation and vegetation cover in the subtropics. In addition, the atmospheric circulation is too weak. The model also tends to underestimate the surface temperature changes (mainly at low latitudes) and to overestimate the ocean heat uptake observed over the last decades.

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The earth system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-3α. Part I: description and performance for present-day conditions

Climate Dynamics ◽

10.1007/s00382-005-0044-1 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 25 (2-3) ◽

pp. 237-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Marisa Montoya ◽

Alexa Griesel ◽

Anders Levermann ◽

Juliette Mignot ◽

Matthias Hofmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Earth System Model ◽

System Model ◽

Earth System ◽

Intermediate Complexity ◽

The Earth ◽

And Performance

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Simulation of climate, ice sheets and CO<sub>2</sub> evolution during the last four glacial cycles with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity

10.5194/cp-2017-55 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Andrei Ganopolski ◽

Victor Brovkin

Keyword(s):

Ice Sheets ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Earth System Model ◽

System Model ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Earth System ◽

Glacial Cycles ◽

The Past ◽

Intermediate Complexity ◽

Paleoclimate Reconstructions

Abstract. In spite of significant progress in paleoclimate reconstructions and modeling of different aspects of the past glacial cycles, the mechanisms which transform regional and seasonal variations in solar insolation into long-term and global-scale glacial-interglacial cycles are still not fully understood, in particular, for CO2 variability. Here using the Earth system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-2 we performed simulations of co-evolution of climate, ice sheets and carbon cycle over the last 400,000 years using the orbital forcing as the only external forcing. The model simulates temporal dynamics of CO2, global ice volume and other climate system characteristics in good agreement with paleoclimate reconstructions. Using simulations performed with the model in different configurations, we also analyze the role of individual processes and sensitivity to the choice of model parameters. While many features of simulated glacial cycles are rather robust, some details of CO2 evolution, especially during glacial terminations, are rather sensitive to the choice of model parameters. Specifically, we found two major regimes of CO2 changes during terminations: in the first one, when the recovery of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) occurs only at the end of the termination, a pronounced overshoot in CO2 concentration occurs at the beginning of the interglacial and CO2 remains almost constant during interglacial or even decline towards the end, resembling Eemian CO2 dynamics. However, if the recovery of the AMOC occurs in the middle of the glacial termination, CO2 concentration continues to rise during interglacial, similar to Holocene. We also discuss potential contribution of the brine rejection mechanism for the CO2 and carbon isotopes in the atmosphere and the ocean during the past glacial termination.

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