Acceleration Mechanisms, Flares, Magnetic Reconnection and Shock Waves

1980 ◽  
pp. 397-410
Author(s):  
Stirling A. Colgate
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
And Shock Waves

scholarly journals Acceleration Mechanisms, Flares, Magnetic Reconnection And Shock Waves

1980 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 397-410
Author(s):  
Stirling A. Colgate
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Acceleration Mechanism ◽  
And Shock Waves ◽  
Electromagnetic Processes ◽  
Accelerated Particles

Acceleration in astrophysics usually means converting a significant fraction of the energy of some source into particles whose individual kinetic energy greatly exceeds the average temperature of the medium. There are three general classifications of acceleration processes. The first is hydrodynamic, second coherent electromagnetic, and third stochastic electromagnetic processes. We shall discuss each of these briefly in terms of the spectrum of accelerated particles. This can be related to an efficiency by the relationships N(>E) α E┌ or an energy efficiency N(>E) α EI-г In astrophysics we frequently emphasize Г without realizing the constraints this imposes upon the efficiency of the acceleration mechanism. So often the relatively flat spectra result in efficiency requirements that challenge the ingenuity of those who wish to invent acceleration mechanisms.

SUBFEMTOSECOND HIGH-INTENSITY UNIPOLAR ELECTROMAGNETIC SOLITONS AND SHOCK WAVES

1995 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 831-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. KAPLAN ◽  
P. L. SHKOLNIKOV
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Gas Density ◽  
Atomic Potential ◽  
And Shock Waves ◽  
Em Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Solitons

We show that atomic gasses can support solitary pulses of unipolar, non-oscillating EM-field ("EM-bubbles") of up to the atomic amplitude, with their length ranging from ~10−9 s to ~10−16 s , which propagate without dispersion and are stable and insensitive to the change of gas density. We found the condition on the atomic potential necessary for formation of EM-bubble. Atomic gasses can also support an EM shock which is a precursor of a cw ionizing field.

Role of laser-induced stress and shock waves in modification of the photoconductivity of films

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1298-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
V A Gnatyuk ◽  
A I Vlasenko ◽  
P O Mozol' ◽  
O S Gorodnychenko
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
And Shock Waves
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