Human Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: The Case of Bisphenols

2001 ◽  
pp. 149-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Fernandez ◽  
A. Rivas ◽  
R. Pulgar ◽  
N. Olea
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Human exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals: effects on the male and female reproductive systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 56-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros Sifakis ◽  
Vasilis P. Androutsopoulos ◽  
Aristeidis M. Tsatsakis ◽  
Demetrios A. Spandidos
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

scholarly journals Mixtures of endocrine-disrupting contaminants induce adverse developmental effects in preweaning rats

Reproduction ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Axelstad ◽  
Sofie Christiansen ◽  
Julie Boberg ◽  
Martin Scholze ◽  
Pernille Rosenskjold Jacobsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Estrogenic Chemicals

Reproductive toxicity was investigated in rats after developmental exposure to a mixture of 13 endocrine-disrupting contaminants, including pesticides, plastic and cosmetic ingredients, and paracetamol. The mixture was composed on the basis of information about high-end human exposures, and the dose levels reflecting 100, 200, and 450 times this exposure were tested. The compounds were also grouped according to their estrogenicity or anti-androgenicity, and their joint effects were tested at two different doses, with each group reflecting 200 or 450 times human exposure. In addition, a single paracetamol dose was tested (350 mg/kg per day). All exposures and a vehicle were administered by oral gavage to time-mated Wistar dams rats throughout gestation and lactation, and their offspring were assessed for reproductive effects at birth and in prepuberty. The mixture doses, which included the anti-androgenic compounds, affected the male offspring by causing decreased anogenital distance, increased nipple retention (NR), and reduced ventral prostate weights, at both medium and high doses. In addition, the weights of the levator ani/bulbocavernosus muscle (LABC) were decreased at the high dose of anti-androgen mixture. No effects were seen after exposure to the estrogenic chemicals alone, whereas males exposed solely to paracetamol showed decreased LABC weights and increased NR. Thus adverse reproductive effects were observed at mixtures reflecting 200 times high-end human exposure, which is relatively close to the safety margin covered by the regulatory uncertainty factor of 100. This suggests that highly exposed human population groups may not be sufficiently protected against mixtures of endocrine-disrupting chemicals.

scholarly journals Structural Aspects of Potential Endocrine-Disrupting Activity of Stereoisomers for a Common Pesticide Permethrin against Androgen Receptor

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Ishfaq Ahmad Sheikh ◽  
Mohd Amin Beg
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Binding Energy ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Binding Pocket ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Reproductive Dysfunction ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Native Ligand

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a serious global public health and environmental concern. Pyrethroids are insecticide chemicals that are extensively used for crop protection and household purposes but have been identified as EDCs. On account of their ubiquitous environmental presence, human exposure occurs via food, dermal, or inhalation routes and is associated with health problems, including reproductive dysfunction. Permethrin is the most commonly used pyrethroid, and with two chiral centers in its structure, it has four stereoisomeric forms (two enantiomer pairs), i.e., permethrin (1R,3R)-cis, permethrin (1R,3S)-trans, permethrin (1S,3S)-cis, and permethrin (1S,3R)-trans. The current study was performed for predicting the potential endocrine-disrupting activity of the aforementioned four stereoisomers of permethrin against the androgen receptor (AR). The structural binding characterization and binding energy estimations in the AR binding pocket were done using induced fit docking. The structural binding data indicated that all stereoisomers were placed stably in the AR binding pocket and that the estimated binding energy values were comparable to the AR native ligand, except for permethrin (1S,3S)-cis. Furthermore, the commonality in the amino acid interactions to that of the AR native ligand and the binding energy values suggested the potential AR-disrupting activity of all the stereoisomers; however, stereoselective differences were not observed. Taken together, the results suggest that human exposure to permethrin, either as a racemate mixture or in individual stereoisomer form, could potentially interfere with AR function, which may lead to male reproductive dysfunction.

scholarly journals Human exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals as a prenatal risk factor for cryptorchidism

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Fratrić ◽  
Dragana Živković ◽  
Saša Vukmirović
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Prenatal Risk ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting
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