The role of resistance breeding in the integrated control of downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) in protected lettuce

1992 ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Crute
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Bremia Lactucae

scholarly journals Mutants of downy mildew resistance in Lactuca sativa (lettuce).

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-874
Author(s):  
P A Okubara ◽  
P A Anderson ◽  
O E Ochoa ◽  
R W Michelmore
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Multigene Families ◽  
Downy Mildew Resistance ◽  
Bremia Lactucae ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Recessive Mutations

Abstract As part of our investigation of disease resistance in lettuce, we generated mutants that have lost resistance to Bremia lactucae, the casual fungus of downy mildew. Using a rapid and reliable screen, we identified 16 distinct mutants of Latuca sativa that have lost activity of one of four different downy mildew resistance genes (Dm). In all mutants, only a single Dm specificity was affected. Genetic analysis indicated that the lesions segregated as single, recessive mutations at the Dm loci. Dm3 was inactivated in nine of the mutants. One of five Dm 1 mutants was selected from a population of untreated seeds and therefore carried a spontaneous mutation. All other Dm1, Dm3, Dm5/8 and Dm7 mutants were derived from gamma- or fast neutron-irradiated seed. In two separate Dm 1 mutants and in each of the eight Dm3 mutants analyzed, at least one closely linked molecular marker was absent. Also, high molecular weight genomic DNA fragments that hybridized to a tightly linked molecular marker in wild type were either missing entirely or were truncated in two of the Dm3 mutants, providing additional evidence that deletions had occurred in these mutants. Absence of mutations at loci epistatic to the Dm genes suggested that such loci were either members of multigene families, were critical for plant survival, or encoded components of duplicated pathways for resistance; alternatively, the genes determining downy mildew resistance might be limited to the Dm loci.

scholarly journals Identification of new Bremia lactucae races in lettuce in São Paulo state

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Castoldi ◽  
Hamilton César de O Charlo ◽  
Tagli Dalpian ◽  
Danilo M Melo ◽  
Adelita P Botelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Bremia Lactucae ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

Lettuce is the most consumed leafy vegetable in Brazil. However, its production has faced increasing difficulties mainly due to the infestation of producing areas with Bremia lactucae, the causing agent of downy mildew, the worst disease in lettuce. The aim of this study was to identify B. lactucae races occurring in lettuce producing areas of São Paulo state, during 2008 and 2009. Lettuce leaf samples containing B. lactucae sporangia were collected in the major lettuce producing areas of São Paulo. Each sample was considered an isolate. After the multiplication of sporangia in the susceptible cultivar Solaris, with subsequent inoculation in the differentiating cultivars, the evaluations were performed on the same day of the first sporulation in the susceptible cultivar 'Cobham Green (DM 0)'. In 2008 one new B. lactucae code was identified. SPBl:05 was the denomination proposed to it. In 2009 one another B. lactucae code was identified, that is, 63/63/02/00, whose denomination was proposed to be SPBl:06.

The location and characteristics of novel sources of resistance to Bremia Lactucae Regel (downy mildew) in wild Lactuca L. Species

Euphytica ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Norwood ◽  
I. R. Crute ◽  
A. Lebeda
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Bremia Lactucae ◽  
Sources Of Resistance

scholarly journals First Report of Bremia lactucae Causing Downy Mildew on Helichrysum bracteatum in Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Garibaldi ◽  
A. Minuto ◽  
G. Gilardi ◽  
M. L. Gullino
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bremia Lactucae ◽  
First Report ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Helichrysum Bracteatum

Helichrysum bracteatum, also known as strawflower, is commonly grown for the production of dried flowers and, more recently, as a potted plant. This latter cultivation system is becoming increasingly important on the Liguria Coast in northern Italy. During the spring of 2002, severe oubreaks of a previously unknown disease were observed in commercial farms in the area of Albenga (northern Italy) on several cultivars of H. bracteatum. Leaves of infected plants appeared curled and blistered; the infected portions of leaves turned chlorotic. On the lower leaf surface of chlorotic areas, a dense, whitish growth was evident. Infected leaves eventually wilted without dropping. Basal leaves with poor air circulation were the most severely affected. Certain cultivars of H. bracteatum (such as ‘Florabella Pink’) were most seriously affected, while others (‘Florabella Gold’ and ‘Florabella White’) had less disease. Microscopic observations revealed sporangiophores emerging from the stomata that were dichotomically branched, ending with 4 to 7 sterigmata. The sporangia were globose and measured 15.5 to 16.8 μm in diameter. The pathogen was identified as Bremia lactucae based on the morphological characteristics. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating healthy H. bracteatum (100-day-old ‘Florabella Gold’) as well as Lactuca sativa (25-day-old ‘Salad bowl’) plants with a sporangial suspension (1 × 105 sporangia/ml). Five plants of H. bracteatum and 10 of lettuce were used as replicates. Noninoculated plants served as controls. Inoculated and uninoculated plants were maintained in a growth chamber at 20°C and 90 to 95% relative humidity. After 7 to 10 days, typical symptoms of downy mildew developed on H. bracteatum and lettuce plants artificially inoculated. Bremia lactucae was observed on infected leaves. Uninoculated plants did not show symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Bremia lactucae on H. bracteatum in Italy. B lactucae was previously reported as the causal agent of downy mildew on H. bracteatum in several countries including the United Kingdom (3), the United States (1), and Egypt (2). References: (1) S. A. Alfieri et al. Index of plant diseases in Florida. Bull No. 11, 1984. (2) H. Elarosi and M. W. Assawah. Rev. Plant Prot. Res., 39:583, 1959. (3) W. C. Moore. British Parasitic Fungi. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1959.

Peronospora oerteliana. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora oerteliana. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Primula acaulis, P. algida, P. elatior, P. juliae, P. officinalis, P. veris, P. vulgaris. DISEASE: Downy mildew of Primula species. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia-Temperate: Kazakhstan. Europe: Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Eire, France, Germany, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, UK (England, Scotland). TRANSMISSION: By conidia which are dispersed by wind or rain-splash. The role of oospores in disease transmission is unknown, but they may have a perennating function.

Peronospora sordida. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Channel Islands ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora sordida. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Scrophularia altaica, S. aquatica, S. auriculata, S. bosniaca, S. californica, S. heterophylla, S. lanceolata, S. marylandica, S. nodosa, S. scopolii, S. umbrosa (=S. alata), Verbascum banaticum, V. blattaria, V. densiflorum (=V. thapsiforme), V. glabratum subsp. glabratum, V. lychnitis, V. nigrum, V. phlomoides, V. phoenicum, V. speciosum, V. thapsus, V. thapsus subsp. crassifolium (=V. montanum), V. virgatum. DISEASE: Downy mildew of Scrophularia and Verbascum, some species of which may be cultivated commercially for their medicinal or ornamental value; an obligately necrotrophic plant pathogen. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia; USSR (Kirghizia, Turkmenia, Uzbekistan). Europe; Austria, Belgium, France, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Eire, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Rumania, USSR (Byelorussia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, RSFSR, Ukraine), Sweden, Switzerland, UK (England, Channel Islands, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales), Yugoslavia. North America; USA (California, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Wisconsin, Virginia). TRANSMISSION: By spores ('conidia') dispersed by wind or rain-splash. The role of oospores (if they are usually formed) in disease transmission is unknown.

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