The storage unit is understood as the battery. Practically, it is true in the majority of cases. However, another type of electro-chemical energy storage unit can be considered, which is the capacitor. The most important is of course the battery and the emphasis is put on the battery’s thermal behavior, its State-Of-Charge (SOC) indication and monitoring as the background of the Battery Management System’s (BMS) design. The chapter discusses the original algorithm base of the nonlinear dynamic traction battery’s modeling, which includes the battery temperature impact factor. The battery State Of Charge (SOC) coefficient presented in this chapter has to be determined in terms of its maximal accuracy. This is very important for the control of the entire hybrid power train. The battery state of charge signal is the basic feedback in power train online control in every operation mode: pure electric, pure engine, or in the majority, the hybrid drive operation. Electro-chemical capacitors applied in hybrid power trains are commonly called super or ultra capacitors. The application of ultra capacitors in hybrid electric vehicle power trains does not seem to be a strong alternative to the batteries. The exemplary complex solution of the parallel connection of the battery and the capacitor as a means of increasing the cell’s lifetime and decreasing its load currents is also discussed in this chapter. Voltage equalization for both energy storage devices is depicted. For the ultra capacitor this is necessary.
Energy management and economic analysis of multiple energy storage systems in solar PV/PEMFC hybrid power systems
