Expanding the Channels: Education Financing System in China

2018 ◽  
pp. 193-234
Author(s):  
Ming Yang ◽  
Hao Ni
Author(s):  
Bruce Chapman ◽  
Lorraine Dearden

The rapid worldwide growth in higher education undergraduate enrollments since around 1990 has meant that governments have had to rethink provision and funding arrangements to help ensure both cost-effective and equitable outcomes. It is important to understand in detail the fundamental financial conceptual building blocks that are necessary for an efficacious and socially just higher education financing system. In response to the critical question of who should pay for higher education and student income support, the case for the sharing of the costs between students, graduates, and taxpayers is overwhelming from the perspectives of both efficiency and equity. Further, there is a consensus that governments should intervene with respect to the underwriting of student loans, but there are very important and quite different implications for borrowers with respect to loan collection arrangements. The most equitable and effective higher education financing instrument involves loans that are repaid only when and if debtors can afford to do so, known as income-contingent loans. The less desirable form of student loans, defined by time-based collection, is internationally still the most common approach, but recent advances in economic theory and econometric methodology provide both conceptual bases and exciting and innovative ways for governments to understand why traditional student loan approaches are inferior to income-contingent collection. When the effects of student loans on access and welfare become more properly understood, the case for targeted assistance for all disadvantaged prospective students for reasons of social justice remains compelling. The importance of the attainment of the right financing system was highlighted by the economic trauma associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, an ordeal that caused many universities to experience an entirely unexpected financial crisis and led millions of students to struggle with unanticipated loan repayment difficulties.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Mesiono Mesiono ◽  
Rahmat Rifai Lubis

This study aims to analyze the Education Financing System in Indonesia and its relation to the tax system. The research method used in this research is qualitative by using a library research approach (library research). Data sources consist of two namely primary and secondary. Primary data sources are several government legal regulations related to financing and the tax system in Indonesia, including law number 28 of 2007 concerning general provisions and tax procedures. Law number 36 of 2008 concerning income tax, the decision of the Director General of Taxes No. KEP-87/PJ./1995, PP. RI No.144 of 2000 concerning Types of Goods and Services that are not subject to Value Added Tax and. While secondary sources are other references in the form of books, journals, and proceedings related to the research topic. Data analysis uses content analysis, which is an analysis related to the content of the literature being researched. The results of the study indicate that one of the sources of education financing in Indonesia is tax. The use of these taxes is indeed in accordance with the legality of the government that aims for the prosperity of the people as much as possible, including in this case education services. In relation to taxpayers, not all aspects of education are subject to taxpayers, this is because educational institutions are not included in profit institutions. This treatment certainly aims to improve the quality of education in Indonesia.


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1951-1969
Author(s):  
S.A. Chernikova

Subject. The article considers the need to study the financing of investment and innovation processes and creating an effective system of project financing. Objectives. The purpose is to search for new opportunities to enhance the competitive advantages of enterprises of the dairy subcomplex, to ensure their financial stability and steady position in specialized agricultural food-product markets. Methods. The study draws on the theoretical and methodological approach to the impact of project management of innovation and investment activities on improving the efficiency of the project financing system and financial stability of enterprises operating in the dairy subcomplex. Results. The findings show that four levels can be distinguished in the formation and improvement of the system of project financing and the management of innovation and investment activities, depending on the depth of transformation. The principle that provides the integration of the said system with the current model of management of the dairy subcomplex enterprise is defined as a driver. The paper offers a number of levels of the system transformation to gain competitive advantages. Conclusions. I present a mechanism for creating and improving the system of project financing and the management of innovation and investment activities, and a mechanism for interaction of the network of automated information systems, intended to make management decisions, with the automation of information support to innovative solutions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Mehri Vokhidova ◽  

This article examines the first stage of the formation of venture capital in Uzbekistan and the possibilities of applying the experience of Israel in the development of venture financing in the country


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