Financial Accounting at Islamic Boarding Schools in Riau Province

This study aims to analyze how the application of financial accounting in Islamic boarding schools in Riau Province. The research method is descriptive qualitative that is comparing theory and practice carried out by Islamic boarding schools. Sources and research data obtained from primary and secondary data The number of informants obtained amounted to 9 boarding school administrators. The object of the research is a boarding school in the province of Riau. The result of the research is that all Islamic boarding schools in terms of their accounting application have not followed or applied the accounting standards that have been set by the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The accounting applied is still very simple, that is, it still uses a general cash book and there is no journalizing. The financial statements made are only limited to general financial accountability. For this reason, it is necessary to socialize Accounting Standards for Islamic Boarding Schools, because according to the management they have never received accounting training in their Islamic boarding schools.

Analysis of Credit Risk, Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

This paper examined the effects of credit risk, intellectual capital as well as credit risk moderated by intellectual capital on financial performance of fifteen listed deposit money banks in Nigeria (DMBs) from 2007 to 2016. Data were sourced from annual reports of banks and Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics and analysed using Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). The study finds that credit risk index by loan loss ratio negatively affects financial performance of the sampled banks; while capital employed efficiency, loan loss provision moderated by intellectual capital, capital adequacy ratio, income and diversification have positive relationship with banks’ financial performance. Thus, the study recommends that banks should strengthen their credit risk management culture to ensure prompt repayment of loans. The banks should operate within the required capital adequacy ratio to serve as buffer against loan loss provisions provided by the Central Bank of Nigeria. A strong credit risk management culture should be embedded within intellectual capital structure of banks, where all persons at all levels appreciate and understand the banks’ risk management policies as well as strategies and incorporate same into decision-making and business processes.

Impact of Foreign Direct Investment, Foreign Portfolio Investment and Diaspora Remittances on Kenya’s Economic Growth

The Objective of this study is to find out the effect of capital flows on economic growth in Kenya, With Three specific objectives; To investigate the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Kenya, to find out the effect of foreign portfolio investment on economic growth in Kenya, and to determine the effect of diaspora remittances on economic growth in Kenya. Quarterly data from 2002 to 2017 was used in the study, and Descriptive research design and inferential research design were used to analysis the data. Descriptively, mean and standard deviation were used and Inferentially the Auto regressive distribution Lag technique using the STATA software Version 15. Diagnostic tests were conducted on the data; Normality test using Jarque Bera test supported by the skewness and Kurtosis results; Unit root was tested using the Augmented Dickey Fuller Test .The Auto Regressive Distributed Lag regression short run results show that, foreign direct investment had an positive and insignificant effect on gross domestic product, whereas foreign portfolio investment had a positive and statistically significant short run effect on gross domestic product at 1% level of significance and diaspora remittances had a positive and very significant effect of gross domestic product at 5% level of significance. The Error Correction Model regression results showed that in the long run, Foreign Direct Investment, Foreign Portfolio Investment, and Diaspora Remittances had a positive and very significant effect on the economic growth at 1% level of significance.

New Era of Accounting System based on Artificial Intelligence (AI)- Triadic- Entry Accounting

Triadic- Entry Accounting is not the term for it, there are considerable benefits in writing deals to an Artificial Intelligence (AI). Important like journal entries are presently recorded in an association’s subledgers (e.g., Accounts Receivable) and general tally, recording deals on an Artificial Intelligence (AI) would give visibility into affiliated deals.

The Influence of Digital Money on Economic Growth in Kenya

The growth of the economy is a concern to many because it has an influence on the progress of a country and its citizens. It is expected that an economy with a highly advanced digital money system should also experience high economic growth. However, statistics indicate that the economic growth rate in Kenya has been fluctuating and has failed to grow consistently despite numerous policy interventions. This study sought to establish the influence of digital money on Economic Growth in Kenya. The study incorporated a descriptive research technique and a time series approach to analyse the relationship between digital money and economic growth using Kenyan quarterly data from 2011 to 2020. Four variables were used as proxies to measure digital money: - the value of mobile money transactions, the value of cards money transactions, the value of internet banking (EFTs) transactions and agency banking. The findings revealed that all relationships that were tested were positive and significant each with p-Value that was less than 0.05. Further analysis showed F-Calculated (1, 38; α=0.05) was 32.909 (card transactions), 247.029 (EFT transactions), 297.118 (mobile transfer), and 571.417 (active agents). Therefore, the study recommended that there is need for an intensified campaign to sensitize the public on the importance of digital money owing to their flexibility and improved security as compared to carrying physical cash especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. To the policy makers, the findings suggest that there is need to solidify and enforce strong digital/ICT policy that promotes cashless payments.

Determinants of Unemployment in East African Community Countries

The purpose of this research study is assessing the relationship between unemployment and its determinants for five east Africa community countries i.e., Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda & Burundi. Particularly, discussed are some economic variables and their significant effects especially in the long run. The study variables include; inflation, GDP growth, population growth and foreign direct investments in relation to unemployment. In order to achieve the research objectives, a methodology framework of panel autoregressive distributed-lag (PARDL) is undertaken. The study finds that a long-run relationship exists among all the variables. Moreover, GDP, POPL, and FDI are found significant to interpret the unemployment in the long-run whereas INF is found insignificant to interpret unemployment in the long-run. The findings also reveal that the tradeoff between inflation and unemployment in EACCs is in the short run and not in the long run. This study concludes that foreign direct investment and gross domestic product have negative and significant relationship with unemployment. Population growth has positive and significant relationship with unemployment and it contributes to unemployment while inflation rate has a positive and insignificant relationship with unemployment. According to the findings of this study population growth is the key determinant of unemployment in EACCs.

Relationship between Financial Structure and Financial Performance of Flag Carriers in Africa

While airline profitability has remained a challenge over several years, the weakest performance identified by IATA reports was from airlines in Africa and Latin America. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of leverage, liquidity, and asset tangibility on firm profitability of flag carriers in Africa. Stratified random sampling technique adopted reduced the working population of 23 firms to 4 firms namely Kenya Airways, Ethiopian Airways, Air Mauritius and South African Airways. Data was collected from each airline’s website over a thirteen-year period between 2005–2017. The findings were that leverage had a significant effect that was either positive or negative depending on whether debt is financed by equity or by assets implying that airline managers should endeavour to target cost-efficient sources of capital. Liquidity and asset tangibility were observed to have no significant effect and had little to no explanatory power on financial performance in the selected African airlines. The study recommends implementing a collaborative effort using a tri-partite debt covenant between airline managers, lenders of capital and government. African governments and local lenders should step in to support their Flag carriers by reducing the gaps and costs associated with acquisition of debt and other sources of capital. Airline managers on their part should manage resources efficiently and be held accountable with periodic audits to ensure they are invested in sustainable levels of their airline’s profitability.

Dealing with the Barriers in International Trade in Vietnam Today

It’s been considered to be a tough time for the domestic business community in recent years due to the change in the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, the outbreak of anti-globalization trend, the US interest rate hike, and the upcoming fourth industrial revolution. Those factors can lead to the reversal of international trade and investment, highly affecting young economies of high attraction, which, as those in Vietnam, consider exports and foreign investment as growth drivers. As the matter stands, a large number of Vietnamese enterprises have been suffering from unfair trade disputes and anti-dumping lawsuits on the way to global integration. That the enterprises lack considerate understanding of commercial legality and the spirit of solidarity to cope with trade barriers leads to such expense. Therefore, the author wishes to evaluate the ability of Vietnamese businesses to deal with the international trade barriers; and thereby make recommendations which could help those enterprises effectively respond to such barriers under the circumstance of global integration.

A COMPARATIVE EXPECTED VALUE ANALYSIS STUDY TO DETERMINE IF THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF THE MOST COMMONLY PRESCRIBED PRESCRIPTION AND NON-PRESCRIPTION DRUGS IN THE UNITED STATES PROVIDE ECONOMIC VALUE

It was found that anti-biotics, aspirin, bisphosphonates, blood pressure lowering medications, statins, medications treating depression, diabetes, sexual dysfunction and the poly-pill provided economic value, while medications to treat Alzheimer’s, cancer, multiple sclerosis and Clopidogrel were not found to have provided economic value. The current evidence is insufficient to determine if weight loss medication provides economic value or not

Taxation within the Transport Sector: A Ride-hailer and Sharing Economy Perspective

This study explored the implications of taxes on ride-hailing services in a developing economy setting and its effect on the activities of drivers who patronize such services. Using thematic analysis, the study analyzed interview responses from key participants in the ride-hailing services such as the drivers, service operators, and vehicle owners based on the sharing economy perspective. The results indicate that (1) in a broader sense the contribution of the ride-hailing service is characterized with some features such as savings in money and time, ease of stress for both drivers and passengers, and also ease of movement; (2) taxes are needful to ensure sustainable governance but these taxes ought to be equitably charged to all actors within the economy and (3) the Vehicle Income Tax is a cause of financial distress to Uber drivers due to its increasing nature. More importantly, the tax has the potential of eroding profits which makes drivers worse off. This new but genre system of transportation is gaining roots and far advancing within the Ghanaian landscape. Thus, policymakers and industry players must focus on its role within the economy and the benefits therefrom. Equally, there must be more policy initiatives to prevent overburdening the final consumer of ride-hailing services with high taxes and prices. It also suggested that subsequent studies focus on the use of a different methodology within a different or the same setting.