Current modalities used for the detection and treatment of cancer suffer from the lack of specificity for tumor cells. Radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies have been, and continue to be, actively investigated for use in this regard. Various radionuclides, cell cultures, and radiolabeling processes have been examined, aimed at producing a product with sufficient immunoreactivity to enhance the use of these agents in various radioimmunodetection, radioimmunotherapy and radioimmunoguided surgery capacities. Antibody production, radiolabeling and radionuclide selection criteria, and quality assessment techniques for radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies are reviewed.